A reader's companion

House of Leaves

Mark Z. Danielewski, 2000 — Chapter XXIII

Chapter XXIII (pp. 526–528) and the Exhibits (pp. 529–535) — no spoilers past page 535
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I. Chapter XXIII (pp. 526–528)

Zampanò describes the last sequence of The Navidson Record: the Navidsons' new life, Karen's illness, and the final shot of the empty road.

526

“Surviving House, Kalapana, Hawaii, 1993” — Diane Cook (epigraph)

realhouse

The epigraph names a photograph by Diane Cook, a real American photographer of landscape and nature. Kalapana was a village in Hawaii mostly buried by lava from the Kīlauea volcano in 1990.

A “surviving house” standing amid the lava fits a book about a house that outlasts everything around it.

In the book
XXIII “Surviving House, Kalapana, Hawaii, 1993” — Diane Cook In Passion For Pity and Other Recipes For Disaster (London: Greenhill Books, 1996) Helmut Muir cried: “They both live.
526

Helmut Muir, Passion For Pity and Other Recipes For Disaster

invented

An invented critic and book (Greenhill Books, a real publisher). Muir calls the ending happy because the couple live and marry.

Zampanò answers that a “happy ending” is hard to claim over Navidson's ruined face, lost hand and eye, and crutch, and the unseen wound of memory.

In the book
XXIII “Surviving House, Kalapana, Hawaii, 1993” — Diane Cook In Passion For Pity and Other Recipes For Disaster (London: Greenhill Books, 1996) Helmut Muir cried: “They both live.
526

ordeal noun

A long, painful or difficult experience.

In the book
Both Karen and Will Navidson survive their ordeal and they do exchange conjugal vows in Vermont.
526

conjugal adjective

Relating to marriage or to husband and wife.

In the book
Both Karen and Will Navidson survive their ordeal and they do exchange conjugal vows in Vermont.
526

Vermont; the children in New England

real

The Navidsons marry and settle in Vermont, a New England state. Daisy believes faeries live in the countryside and spirits fill her toys, one red and gold. Chad now builds endlessly with Lego and says he wants to be an architect.

In the book
Both Karen and Will Navidson survive their ordeal and they do exchange conjugal vows in Vermont.
526

ravaged adjective

Badly damaged or destroyed.

In the book
Of course, is it really possible to look at Navidson’s ravaged face, the patch covering his left eye, the absence of a hand, the crutch wedged under his armpit, and call it a “happy” ending?
526

trauma noun

A deep and lasting shock or wound, of the body or the mind.

In the book
Even putting aside the physical cost, what about the unseen emotional trauma which Muir so casually dismisses?
526

adamantly adverb

In a firm way that will not change.

In the book
Daisy adamantly believes faeries inhabit the countryside and spirits possess her collection of stuffed animals and dolls, in particular a red and gold one.
526

faeries noun

An old spelling of fairies: small magical beings.

In the book
Daisy adamantly believes faeries inhabit the countryside and spirits possess her collection of stuffed animals and dolls, in particular a red and gold one.
526

malignant adjective (medicine)

Of a tumour: dangerous and able to spread; cancerous.

In the book
Only recently she was diagnosed with malignant breast cancer.
526–527

Karen's illness: breast cancer, mastectomy, chemotherapy

real medicine

Karen is diagnosed with malignant breast cancer. She has a mastectomy (removal of the breast) and chemotherapy, which cost her hair and leave her gaunt.

Navidson films her tenderly; her “will-o'-the-wisp” smiles seem to resist the disease.

In the book
Only recently she was diagnosed with malignant breast cancer.
526

mastectomy noun (medicine)

An operation to remove a breast.

In the book
The mastectomy was considered “successful” and subsequent chemotherapy 526
526

chemotherapy noun (medicine)

Treatment of cancer with strong drugs.

In the book
The mastectomy was considered “successful” and subsequent chemotherapy 526
527

ulceration noun (medicine)

The forming of open sores (ulcers) in the body.

In the book
Nevertheless hair loss and severe stomach ulceration have left Karen gaunt and grey.
527

gaunt adjective

Very thin and worn-looking, as from illness.

In the book
Nevertheless hair loss and severe stomach ulceration have left Karen gaunt and grey.
527

will-o'-the-wisp noun

A faint, flickering light over marshland; something faint and hard to hold.

In the book
Still, as Navidson tenderly shows us, her will-o’-the-wisp smiles seem impervious to the ravaging effects of disease and whenever she laughs the notes sing a call to Victory.
527

impervious adjective

Not affected by something; unable to be harmed by it.

In the book
Still, as Navidson tenderly shows us, her will-o’-the-wisp smiles seem impervious to the ravaging effects of disease and whenever she laughs the notes sing a call to Victory.
527

auburn adjective

Reddish-brown (of hair).

In the book
Navidson captures all this in simple, warmly lit shots: simmering milk, roasted walnuts and against a backdrop of black ash and pine, Karen's graceful fingers braiding her daughter’s long auburn hair.
527

radiance noun

A warm, glowing brightness.

In the book
Despite Karen’s infrequently removed woolen hat, she and Daisy still both share a remarkable radiance.
527 fn 427

Massel Laughton, “Comb and Brush”, Z

real magazine, invented critic

An invented critic in the real left-wing magazine Z. Laughton's phrase “a kind of beautiful mischief” describes the shared radiance of Karen and Daisy.

In the book
What Massel Laughton once described as “a kind of beautiful mischief.”’427 Nor is this the only shot of mother and child.
527

The wall of photographs; Mallory and Hillary

realfalse image

Hundreds of family photographs cover the walls: Karen, the children, Tom, Reston, relatives, and even the dogs Mallory and Hillary (named after the Everest climbers George Mallory and Edmund Hillary).

Navidson knows he cannot end on these warm images, because what they promise “rings false”: the house is still there.

In the book
Every room, stairway, and corridor supports pictures of Karen, Daisy, Chad, and Navidson as well as Tom, Reston, Karen’s mother, their friends, distant relatives, ancient relatives, even Mallory and Hillary.
527

collage noun

A picture made by fixing many separate images together.

In the book
Though this collage is immensely appealing, Navidson is wise enough to know he cannot close on such images.
527

Daphne Kaplan, The Courage to Withstand; passion from Latin pati

invented critic, real etymology

An invented critic and book (Ecco Press, a real publisher). Kaplan's real point: “passion” and “patience” share the Latin root pati, “to suffer”. Passion is not joy but endurance.

Zampanò uses it to explain why Navidson keeps working through his pain.

In the book
Mercifully, in her captivating book on art, culture, and politics, in which she includes The Navidson Record in the spire of her analysis, Daphne Kaplan reminds the reader what it means to be passionate: Passion has little to do with euphoria and everything to do with patience.
527

euphoria noun

A strong feeling of joy or excitement.

In the book
… art, culture, and politics, in which she includes The Navidson Record in the spire of her analysis, Daphne Kaplan reminds the reader what it means to be passionate: Passion has little to do with euphoria and everything to do with patience.
527

exuberance noun

Lively, overflowing high spirits.

In the book
It does not mean to flow with exuberance.
527

invariably adverb

Always; without exception.

In the book
In those final shots, Navidson gives a wink to the genre his work will always resist but invariably join.
527

ghoul noun

An evil spirit; here, a child in a scary costume.

In the book
A whole slew of eight year old ghouls haunting the streets of Dorset, plundering its homes for apples and MilkyWays, all while tossing up high-pitched screams into the sparkling blackness forever closing in above them.
527

plundering verb

Robbing or taking goods by force; here, playful for trick-or-treating.

In the book
A whole slew of eight year old ghouls haunting the streets of Dorset, plundering its homes for apples and MilkyWays, all while tossing up high-pitched screams into the sparkling blackness forever closing in above them.
527

pantomime noun

A show acted with gestures and no words; here, the Halloween play-acting.

In the book
Tongues of grey ice cover the roads, candles flicker unevenly, and grownups gulp hot cider from styrofoam cups, always keeping watch over their sheep in wolves’ clothing lest something disturb their pantomime.
527–528

Halloween in Dorset: jack-o'-lanterns, Casper, Milky Ways

realfalse image

The last shots follow the children trick-or-treating in Dorset, Vermont, on Halloween: jack-o'-lanterns, costumes, apples and Milky Way bars. Casper the Friendly Ghost is a real cartoon character.

Navidson nods to the horror genre his film both resists and joins, then lets the parade pass.

In the book
Navidson does not close with the caramel covered face of a Casper the friendly ghost.
528

wending verb

Going slowly along a winding way.

In the book
immediately seek out these tiny forms wending their way from porch to porch across great lakes of shadow.
528

The final shot: the empty road; “December 25, 1996”

inventedhouse

Navidson ends not on a child's happy face but on the empty road curving into the woods, where a street lamp flickers and goes out and “darkness sweeps in like a hand.”

The film is dated December 25, 1996 — Christmas Day. The comfort is refused; the dark has the last frame.

In the book
Letting the parade pass from sight, he focuses on the empty road beyond, a pale curve vanishing into the woods where nothing moves and a street lamp flickers on and off until at last it flickers out and darkness sweeps in like a hand.

II. Exhibits (pp. 529–535)

Johnny notes that Zampanò left instructions for a set of illustrated plates he never finished. Six numbered exhibits list what each plate should show. Several point to material the Editors mark “Missing.”

530

Exhibit One: a history of architecture

real architecture

The first plate would show building styles from early Egyptian, Mycenaean, Greek and Roman through Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical to today, with floor plans, doorways, pediments, gables, columns, capitals, entablatures and windows.

It ties the endless, styleless house to the whole story of human building. See the glossary for the terms.

In the book
ONE Instructions: § Provide pictorial examples of architecture ranging from early Egyptian, Mycenaean, Greek, and Roman to Gothic, early Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical, and the present.
530

Mycenaean adjective

Of the early Greek culture centred on Mycenae (about 1600–1100 BC).

In the book
ONE Instructions: § Provide pictorial examples of architecture ranging from early Egyptian, Mycenaean, Greek, and Roman to Gothic, early Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical, and the present.
530

Gothic adjective (architecture)

A medieval building style with pointed arches and tall windows.

In the book
ONE Instructions: § Provide pictorial examples of architecture ranging from early Egyptian, Mycenaean, Greek, and Roman to Gothic, early Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical, and the present.
530

Baroque adjective (architecture)

A rich, highly decorated style of the 1600s and 1700s.

In the book
ONE Instructions: § Provide pictorial examples of architecture ranging from early Egyptian, Mycenaean, Greek, and Roman to Gothic, early Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical, and the present.
530

Neoclassical adjective (architecture)

A later style that copies ancient Greek and Roman forms.

In the book
ONE Instructions: § Provide pictorial examples of architecture ranging from early Egyptian, Mycenaean, Greek, and Roman to Gothic, early Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical, and the present.
530

pediment noun (architecture)

The triangular part above the front of a classical building.

In the book
ONE Instructions: § Provide pictorial examples of architecture ranging from early Egyptian, Mycenaean, Greek, and Roman to Gothic, early Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical, and the present. § Emphasize floor plans, doorways, pediments, gables, columns, capitals, entablatures, and windows.
530

gable noun (architecture)

The triangular upper part of a wall under a sloping roof.

In the book
ONE Instructions: § Provide pictorial examples of architecture ranging from early Egyptian, Mycenaean, Greek, and Roman to Gothic, early Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical, and the present. § Emphasize floor plans, doorways, pediments, gables, columns, capitals, entablatures, and windows.
530

capital (of a column) noun (architecture)

The decorated top of a column.

In the book
ONE Instructions: § Provide pictorial examples of architecture ranging from early Egyptian, Mycenaean, Greek, and Roman to Gothic, early Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical, and the present. § Emphasize floor plans, doorways, pediments, gables, columns, capitals, entablatures, and windows.
530

entablature noun (architecture)

The horizontal band resting on the columns of a classical building.

In the book
ONE Instructions: § Provide pictorial examples of architecture ranging from early Egyptian, Mycenaean, Greek, and Roman to Gothic, early Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical, and the present. § Emphasize floor plans, doorways, pediments, gables, columns, capitals, entablatures, and windows.
531

Exhibit Two: hand shadows

real

The second plate would show hand-shadow figures, from crabs and rabbits to dragons and tigers. It names two real how-to books: The Little Book of Hand Shadows by Phila H. Webb and Jane Corby, and Fun With Hand Shadows by Sati Achath and Bala Chandran.

Shadows made by hands in front of a light echo the book's play of light and dark.

In the book
TWO Instructions: § Provide examples of hand shadows ranging from crabs, snails, rabbits, and turtles to dragons, panthers, tigers, and kangaroos.
532

isotope noun (physics)

A form of a chemical element with a different number of neutrons.

In the book
THREE Instructions: § Illustrate date determination techniques utilizing potassium-40/argon40, rubidium-87/strontium-87, and samarium-147/neodymium-143. § Provide table for uranium-235 and -238 found in lead isotopes.
532

Exhibit Three: radiometric dating; the missing “Zero Folder”

real

The third plate would explain how scientists date rock by measuring radioactive decay: potassium–argon, rubidium–strontium, samarium–neodymium and uranium–lead. This links to earlier attempts to date the ash and walls of the house.

The data was to come from a “Zero Folder”, which the Editors mark Missing.

In the book
THREE Instructions: § Illustrate date determination techniques utilizing potassium-40/argon40, rubidium-87/strontium-87, and samarium-147/neodymium-143. § Provide table for uranium-235 and -238 found in lead isotopes. § Include all data in Zero Folder.428 428Missing.
533

facsimile noun

An exact copy of a document or picture.

In the book
FOUR Instructions: § Reproduce all facsimiles of The Reston Interview and The Last Interview.429 429Missing.
533–534

Exhibits Four and Five: the interviews; Air Force Manual 64-5

mixed

Exhibit Four would reproduce The Reston Interview and The Last Interview (both marked Missing). Exhibit Five would copy a page of the real U.S. Air Force survival manual AFM 64-5 (1969); the Editors point to Appendix II-C.

In the book
FIVE Instructions: § Duplicate page 2-33 in Air Force Manual 64-5 (15 August 1969).49° 430See Appendix II-C.
535

phobia noun (psychology)

A strong, unreasonable fear of a thing or situation.

In the book
SIX Instructions: § Reproduce Karen’s completed Sheehan Clinician Rated Anxiety Scale as well as her Marks and Mathews Phobia Scale.43!
535

Exhibit Six: Karen's anxiety and phobia scales; Isaac M. Marks

real

The last plate would show Karen's filled-in Sheehan anxiety scale and the Marks–Mathews phobia scale, real psychology questionnaires. Isaac M. Marks was a real British psychiatrist who wrote key books on fear and phobia, such as Living with Fear.

The exhibit points to Appendix II-C for Karen's results.

In the book
Date of Birth: July 24¢, Patient ID: 002700 § For interpretation and examples see Isaac M. Marks’ Living with Fear (McGraw-Hill, 1978); Isaac M.
The summary of this chapter then shows on the contents page.
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