A reader's companion

House of Leaves

Mark Z. Danielewski, 2000 — Chapter XVII

Chapter XVII (pp. 384–407) — no spoilers past page 407
← Chapter XVIAll chaptersChapter XVIII →

I. Why did Navidson go back? (pp. 384–396)

Navidson leaves Reston's apartment for the house. Two theories, and his drunken letter to Karen.

384

Wer du auch seist… German

Rilke: “Whoever you are, go out into the evening, leaving your room … your house is the last before the infinite.”

In the book
XVII Wer du auch seist: Am abend tritt hinaus aus deiner Stube, drin du alles weift; als letztes vor der Ferne liegt dein Haus: Wer du auch seist.
384

court (death) verb

Behave in a way that invites a danger.

In the book
I’ve no desire to court death.
384

proofs noun

Test prints of photographs.

In the book
In the months following his departure from Ash Tree Lane, he stayed at Reston’s apartment, alternately sleeping on the couch and the floor, continuously surrounded by books, proofs, and notebooks packed with sketches, maps, and theories.
384

three-finger adjective

A measure of liquor: as deep as three fingers held against the glass.

In the book
Reston breaks open a bottle of Jack, pours two three-finger glasses and hands one to his friend.
384

National Geographic and the Discovery Channel

real

A famous magazine of exploration and a TV channel of science and nature documentaries. Reston wants to hand the house to them; Navidson says yes, then disappears.

In the book
Isn’t it time to contact National Geographic or The Discovery Channel?”
384 fn 357

Rilke, “Eingang” (epigraph)

real

Rainer Maria Rilke (1875–1926) was a German-language poet from Prague. The lines open his poem “Eingang” (Entrance) in The Book of Images.

The Editors give C. F. MacIntyre's translation: whoever you are, leave your room in the evening; your house is the last before the infinite.

In the book
MacIntyre. Rilke: Selected Poems (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1940), p.
385

pack it in phrasal verb (informal)

Stop for the night; go to bed.

In the book
When I packed it in, Navy was still awake.
385 fn 358

Three schools of thought; Random House

invented theories, real publisherunreliable source

The Kellog-Antwerk Claim, the Bister-Frieden-Josephson Criteria and the Haven-Slocum Theory are invented, with grand invented conference names. Random House is a real publisher; the note says a full edition is not due until fall 2001.

In the book
Currently there are three schools of thought: I, The Kellog-Antwerk Claim II.
385

nuance noun

A small difference in meaning.

In the book
The Haven-Slocum Theory Though it would be impossible here to address all their respective nuances, at the very least some consideration needs to be given to their views.358 On July 8, 1994 at The Symposium for the Betterment of International Cultural Advancement held in Reykjavik, Iceland, Jennifer Kellog and …
385–386

Jennifer Kellog and Isabelle Antwerk, Reykjavik, 1994

invented

Their paper says Navidson went back from “the need to possess”: he calls it “my house”. Zampanò shows the flaws: Navidson never bought out Karen or sought publicity.

In the book
… their respective nuances, at the very least some consideration needs to be given to their views.358 On July 8, 1994 at The Symposium for the Betterment of International Cultural Advancement held in Reykjavik, Iceland, Jennifer Kellog and Isabelle Antwerk presented their paper on the meaning and authority of title in the 20th and 215t century.
385

proprietor noun

Owner.

In the book
Kellog and Antwerk point out how even though Navidson and Karen own the house together (both their names appear on the mortgage), Navidson frequently implies that he is the sole proprietor.
385

mind-boggling adjective

Very hard to believe or understand.

In the book
Kellog and Antwerk regard this possessiveness as the main reason for Navidson’s mind-boggling decision 358While bits and pieces of these readings still circulate, they have yet to appear anywhere in their entirety.
386 fn 359

Norman Paarlberg, “The Explorer's Responsibility”, National Geographic

real magazine, invented article

A real magazine and an invented response: Navidson was not the possessor but was himself possessed.

In the book
A month later Norman Paarlberg wryly offered up the following response to the Reykjavik duo: “The obsession just grew and grew until it was Navidson who was finally possessed by some selfdestructive notion to go back there and yet …
386

wryly adverb

With dry, slightly mocking humour.

In the book
A month later Norman Paarlberg wryly offered up the following response to the Reykjavik duo: “The obsession just grew and grew until it was Navidson who was finally possessed by some selfdestructive notion to go back there and yet completely …
386

territorialize verb

Claim and control an area as one's own.

In the book
… selfdestructive notion to go back there and yet completely dispossessed of any rational mechanism to override such an incredibly stupid idea.”’359 Kellog and Antwerk argue that the act of returning was an attempt to territorialize and thus preside over that virtually unfathomable space.
386

titular adjective

Having the title (here, legal title to property).

In the book
He refused to lure television programs and other corporate sponsors to his doorstep which would have further enforced his titular position, at least in the eye of the media.
386

The Bister-Frieden-Josephson Criteria, Nuremberg, 1995

invented

An invented paper read by an unnamed student at an invented conference on mourning. It argues that Navidson went back from guilt and grief, and in the end “to be obliterated”.

In the book
… The Conference on the Aesthetics of Mourning held in Nuremberg, Germany on August 18, 1995, an unnamed student read on behalf of his professors a paper which people everywhere almost instantly began hailing as The Bister-Frieden-Josephson Criteria.
386

salvo noun

A burst of gunfire; a sudden attack in words.

In the book
Here for example is the opening salvo directed specifically at The Kellog-Antwerk Claim and their followers: “Refutation One: We do not accept that filmmaking constitutes an act of naming.
386

“the Adamic strengths of the word”

real allusion

In Genesis 2 God brings the animals to Adam, and Adam names them. Naming as a power of ownership goes back to this story. The BFJ paper says film cannot name; only words can.

In the book
Though others may deny it, we believe that to this day the Adamic strengths of the word, and hence language, have never been or ever will be successfully challenged.”
386

Adamic adjective

Of Adam, who named the animals in Genesis.

In the book
Though others may deny it, we believe that to this day the Adamic strengths of the word, and hence language, have never been or ever will be successfully challenged.”
386

salient adjective

Most important or noticeable.

In the book
By refusing to acknowledge The Navidson Record as such an act, The BFJ Criteria could make the question of personal necessity the salient point for rhetorical negotiation.
387

“I was my brother's keeper”

real allusion

In Genesis 4 Cain kills his brother Abel and asks God, “Am I my brother's keeper?” Navidson turns the question into a statement of guilt.

In the book
As he repeatedly tells Karen over the phone: “I was my brother’s keeper.
387

admonition noun

A warning.

In the book
Quite cleverly The Criteria first lays the groundwork for its argument by recalling the now famous admonition voiced by Louis Merplat, the renowned speleologist who back in 1899 discovered the Blue Skia Cavern: “Darkness is impossible to remember.
387 fn 360–362

Louis Merplat, Lazlo Ferma, A. Ballard; Bluffton and Esther Harlan James

invented

Invented voices on the pull of darkness: a caver of 1899 who found the “Blue Skia Cavern” (skia is Greek for “shadow”), a critic in Film Comment (a real magazine), and Ballard's “apophatic” article; apophatic theology describes God only by what God is not.

Esther Harlan James admits she has seen the film thirty-eight times.

In the book
Quite cleverly The Criteria first lays the groundwork for its argument by recalling the now famous admonition voiced by Louis Merplat, the renowned speleologist who back in 1899 discovered the Blue Skia Cavern: “Darkness is impossible to remember.
387

speleologist noun

A scientist who studies caves.

In the book
Quite cleverly The Criteria first lays the groundwork for its argument by recalling the now famous admonition voiced by Louis Merplat, the renowned speleologist who back in 1899 discovered the Blue Skia Cavern: “Darkness is impossible to remember.
387

quip verb

Say something short and witty.

In the book
Ballard who famously quipped: “That house answers many yearnings remembered in sorrow.”362 The point of recounting these observations is simply to show how understandable it was that for Navidson the impenetrable sweep of that place soon acquired greater …
387

unheimliche Vorklänge German

“Uncanny foretastes”: ghostly anticipation.

In the book
… these observations is simply to show how understandable it was that for Navidson the impenetrable sweep of that place soon acquired greater meaning simply because, to quote the Criteria directly, “it was full of unheimliche vorklénger?® and thus represented a means to his own personal propitiation.”
387

propitiation noun

Winning back the favour of a god or person by an act of sacrifice.

In the book
… for Navidson the impenetrable sweep of that place soon acquired greater meaning simply because, to quote the Criteria directly, “it was full of unheimliche vorklénger?® and thus represented a means to his own personal propitiation.”
387

adroitly adverb

Skilfully.

In the book
Instead the Criteria quite adroitly acknowledges that when Tom died every “angry, rueful, selfindicting tangle” within Navidson suddenly “lit up,” producing projections powerful and painful enough to “occlude, deny, and cover” the only reason for their success in the …
387

rueful adjective

Full of regret.

In the book
Instead the Criteria quite adroitly acknowledges that when Tom died every “angry, rueful, selfindicting tangle” within Navidson suddenly “lit up,” producing projections powerful and painful enough to “occlude, deny, and cover” the only reason for their success in the first place: the blankness of that place, “the …
387

occlude verb

Block, cover up.

In the book
Instead the Criteria quite adroitly acknowledges that when Tom died every “angry, rueful, selfindicting tangle” within Navidson suddenly “lit up,” producing projections powerful and painful enough to “occlude, deny, and cover” the only reason for their success in the first place: the blankness of that place, “the utter and perfect blankness.”
387 fn 363

unheimliche Vorklänge; Thanatos

real

German: “uncanny (ghostly) foretastes”; the Editors translate it “ghostly anticipation”. Thanatos, the Greek god of death, is Freud's name for the death drive, a wish to return to non-being.

In the book
It is nevertheless the underlying position of The Bister-FriedenJosephson Criteria that Navidson in fact relied on such projections in order to deny his increasingly more “powerful and motivating Thanatos.”
387

Thanatos Greek

Death; in Freud, the drive towards death and destruction.

In the book
It is nevertheless the underlying position of The Bister-FriedenJosephson Criteria that Navidson in fact relied on such projections in order to deny his increasingly more “powerful and motivating Thanatos.”
388 fn 364–366

Noli me tangere and “no man shall see me and live”

real

Noli me tangere, “Do not touch me”, is what the risen Jesus says to Mary Magdalene (John 20:17). The BFJ paper adds invented lines: do not read me, do not see me. The last Latin line is Exodus 33:20, God to Moses: “for no man shall see me and live.”

Johnny says he has no clue; the Editors quote Maurice Blanchot, French writer: “whoever sees God dies.” Talbot Darden and Ewig-Weibliche (“the eternal feminine”, from Goethe's Faust) are invented.

In the book
To emphasize the potential “desire” for self-destruction, The Criteria supplies for this section the following epigraph: Noli me tangere.
388

Noli me tangere / legere / videre Latin

“Do not touch me / read me / see me.”

In the book
To emphasize the potential “desire” for self-destruction, The Criteria supplies for this section the following epigraph: Noli me tangere.
388

Non enim videbit me homo et vivet Latin

“For no man shall see me and live” (Exodus 33:20).

In the book
Noli me videre.* Noli me —3%4 *Non enim videbit me homo et vivet.>® Thus emphasizing the potentially mortal price for beholding what must lie forever lost in those inky folds.
388

trespass noun

An entry onto a place without right; here, a journey into the house.

In the book
Here The Criteria also points out how Navidson’s previous trespasses, with one exception, were structured around extremely concrete objectives: (1) rescuing the Holloway team; and after sinking down the Staircase (2) returning home.
388

facsimile noun

An exact copy of a document.

In the book
… on to treat Navidson’s letter in great detail and since its appearance in the film is limited to only a few seconds of screen time, it seems advisable, before further commentary, to reproduce a facsimile here: 364In “Shout Not, Doubt Not” published in Ewig-Weibliche ed.
389–393

Navidson's letter to Karen, March 31, 1991

invented

A five-page drunken letter, reproduced as a facsimile with typos, a crossed-out “deserve”, blacked-out words and a line struck through in red. Near the end the spelling and punctuation fall apart.

He writes that he believes in God now, and that “our house is God”.

In the book
The second half of The Bister-Frieden-Josephson Criteria focuses almost entirely on this question of “desire to live” by analyzing in great detail the contents of Navidson’s letter to Karen written the night before his departure.
389

“Because it's there”

real

The famous answer of the English climber George Mallory (1923) when asked why he wanted to climb Everest. Navidson adds: “and I'm not.”

In the book
Why am I doing this? Because it’s there and I’m not.
390

Catholic, Judaic, Mormon, Baptist, Seventh Day Adventist; the burning bush

real

Navidson lists religions to say his God is none of them. The burning bush is where God spoke to Moses (Exodus 3).

In the book
But my God isn’t your Catholic varietal or your Judaic or Mormon or Baptist or Seventh Day Adventist or whatever/ whoever.
391–393

Delial

invented

The letter finally says who Delial is: the name Navidson gave the dying Sudanese girl in his Pulitzer photograph. He took the picture in 1/60 of a second, chased the vulture away with his tripod, and she died in his hands.

He writes “I was no Tom there”, linking her to Tom saving Daisy.

In the book
Mic 2 1 Carl and Resi L 4st and now I can’t get Delial out of my head.
391

penance noun

Suffering one accepts to make up for a wrong.

In the book
And now I can’t understand anymore why it meant so much to me to keep to keep her a secret—a penance or something.
391

The struck-out names: Hansen, Latigo, PFC Miserette … 1st Lieutenant Nacklebend

invented

A red struck-out line of names with military ranks, apparently men from Navidson's time as a soldier. They are among the dead he misses.

393 fn 367

Johnny: “a code to decipher”

invented

Johnny notes that the best love letters are written in a code for one reader, not for many.

In the book
… maybe im looking for all of them i miss u i love u there’s no second ive lived you can’t call your own N av yn 37Reminding me here, I mean that line about “a code to decipher”, how the greatest love letters are always encoded for the one and not the many.
394 fn 368–371

Reactions to Delial: Reston, Purdham Huckler, Lindsay Gerknard, Hector Llosa

invented

Invented interviews. Photojournalists say Navidson hit the wall every war photographer hits: why am I taking pictures instead of helping?

In the book
Billy Reston thought she was some mythological pin-up girl: “I didn’t know.
394

enigmatic adjective

Mysterious, hard to understand.

In the book
Quite a few colleagues accused Navidson of being enigmatic on purpose and so out of spite let the subject drop.
394 fn 372

Tokiko Dudek: the albatross and Coleridge's mariner

mixed

In Coleridge's poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798) a sailor shoots an albatross and is haunted by the deed. The invented critic Dudek compares Navidson and his “shot” of Delial.

In the book
Academia soon marched in to interrogate the literary consequences created by the Delial revelation. Tokiko Dudek commented on how “Delial is to Navidson what the albatross is to Coleridge’s mariner.
394–395 fn 373

Caroline Fillopino, “Sex Equations”, Granta; Beatrice

real magazine, invented article

Granta is a real British literary magazine. In Dante's Divine Comedy, Beatrice, the woman Dante loved, died young and leads him through the afterlife. Fillopino says Delial plays the same role for Navidson.

In the book
In both cases, both men shot their mark only to be haunted by the accomplishment, even though Navidson did not actually kill Delial.”372 Caroline Fillopino recognized intrinsic elements of penance in Navidson’s return to the house but she preferred Dante to Coleridge: “Delial serves the same role as Beatrice.
394 fn 372

harbinger noun

A sign that something is coming.

In the book
372§ee Tokiko Dudek’s “Harbingers of Hell and/or Hope” in Authentes Journal, September, 1995.
394 fn 372

Larry Burrows

real

Burrows (1926–1971) was a British photographer famous for his Vietnam War pictures in Life; he died when his helicopter was shot down over Laos. The quote on whether he has a right to profit from others' grief is his own words.

In the book
Also consider Larry Burrows who in the 1969 BBC film Beautiful Beautiful remarked: “.
395

sardonic adjective

Mocking in a bitter way.

In the book
safety in loss.”373 However unlike Dante, Navidson never encountered his Beatrice again.374 In the most sardonic tones, Sandy Beale of The New Criticism once considered how contemporary cinema would have treated the subject of Navidson’s guilt: If The Navidson Record had been a Hollywood creation, Delial would have appeared at …
395 fn 375–376

Sandy Beale, The New Criticism; Lost Horizon; Elysian fields; Shirley Temples

mixed

New Criticism is a real school of close reading; the journal and critic are invented. Lost Horizon (1937) is Frank Capra's film of Shangri-La, a hidden paradise; the Elysian Fields are the Greek paradise of heroes; a Shirley Temple is a child's non-alcoholic cocktail.

Beale mocks the happy ending Hollywood would give. Footnote 375 sends the reader to Appendix F.

In the book
safety in loss.”373 However unlike Dante, Navidson never encountered his Beatrice again.374 In the most sardonic tones, Sandy Beale of The New Criticism once considered how contemporary cinema would have treated the subject of Navidson’s guilt: If The Navidson Record had been a Hollywood creation, Delial would have appeared at the heart of …
395

Elysian fields noun

In Greek myth, the paradise of heroes after death.

In the book
Like something out of Lost Horizon, dark fields would have given way to Elysian fields, the perfect setting for a musical number with a brightly costumed Delial front and center, drinking Shirley Temples, swinging on the arms of Tom and Jed, backed by a chorus line which would have …
395

insensate adjective

Without feeling or sympathy.

In the book
To this day the treatment of Delial by The Bister-Frieden-Josephson Criteria is still considered harsh and particularly insensate toward international tragedy.
395

posit verb

Put forward as a basic idea.

In the book
The BFJ Criteria posits that Delial’s prominence in Navidson’s last letter is a repressive mechanism enabling him to at least on a symbolic level deal with his nearly inexpressible loss.
395

missive noun

A letter.

In the book
A more permanent end to his relationship with Karen seems to be implied when he writes “I’m leaving tomorrow” and describes his missive as a “will.”
395 fn 374

“Lazarus is dead again”

real allusion

In John 11 Jesus raises his friend Lazarus from the dead. Zampanò quotes Navidson muttering this line inside the house, to show he had no hope of finding Delial.

In the book
While staring into those infernal halls, we can hear him mutter: “Lazarus is dead again.”
396 fn 377

Jacob and Esau; Robert Hert, Esau and Jacob

real story, invented book

In Genesis, Jacob and Esau are twin brothers and rivals. Zampanò compares Navidson losing his twin. The invented book adds a joke: God was an only child, so what did He know of brothers?

In the book
The Haven-Slocum Theory™ — 1 377Here then Jacob loses Esau and finds he is nothing without him.

II. The Haven-Slocum Theory and the dreams (pp. 396–407)

A husband-and-wife team measure how the house affected everyone, and read Navidson's dreams. Johnny tells his own dream.

396

harrowing adjective

Very painful and upsetting.

In the book
It is a harrowing admission full of sorrow and defeat—‘I was no Tom there’—seeing his brother as the life-saving (and line-saving) hero he himself was not.”377 Thus The Bister-Frieden-Josephson Criteria staunchly refutes The Kellog-Antwerk Claim by reiterating its …
396

staunchly adverb

Firmly and loyally.

In the book
It is a harrowing admission full of sorrow and defeat—‘I was no Tom there’—seeing his brother as the life-saving (and line-saving) hero he himself was not.”377 Thus The Bister-Frieden-Josephson Criteria staunchly refutes The Kellog-Antwerk Claim by reiterating its argument that Navidson’s return to the house was not at all motivated by the need to possess it but rather “to be obliterated by it.”
396

Mia Haven and Lance Slocum, American Psychiatric Association, 1997

invented theorists, real association

The invented couple present their theory at an invented APA meeting in Washington. The APA is the real professional body of American psychiatrists.

In the book
Then on January 6, 1997 at The Assemblage of Cultural Diagnosticians Sponsored By The American Psychiatric Association held in Washington, D.C., a husband and wife team brought before an audience of 1,200 The Haven-Slocum Theory which in the eyes of many successfully deflated the prominence of both The Kellog-Antwerk Claim and …
396

conceit noun

A clever, elaborate idea or figure of speech.

In the book
Ducking the semantic conceits of prior hypotheses, The HavenSlocum Theory proposed to first focus primarily on “the house itself and its generation of physiological effects.”
396

adumbrate verb

Outline in a general way.

In the book
Relying on an array of personal interviews, closely inspected secondary sources, and their own observations, the married couple began to carefully adumbrate their findings in what has since become known as The Haven-Slocum Anxiety Scale or more simply as PEER.
396

PEER: the Post-Exposure Effects Rating

invented

A 0–10 scale of how badly the house affected each person, with a ™ sign as if it were a product. Symptoms include echolalia (Daisy), tangentiality (Chad) and mutism (Navidson). See the glossary.

In the book
… personal interviews, closely inspected secondary sources, and their own observations, the married couple began to carefully adumbrate their findings in what has since become known as The Haven-Slocum Anxiety Scale or more simply as PEER.
396

echolalia noun (psychiatry)

Repeating words that others say, without meaning.

In the book
5-6: Daisy: excitement; intermittent fever; scratches; echolalia.
396

stupor noun

A state of near-unconsciousness or dullness.

In the book
6-7: Kirby “Wax” Hook: stupor; enduring impotence.** 7-8: Chad: tangentiality; rising aggression; persistent wandering.
396

tangentiality noun (psychiatry)

Drifting off the subject in speech and never coming back to it.

In the book
6-7: Kirby “Wax” Hook: stupor; enduring impotence.** 7-8: Chad: tangentiality; rising aggression; persistent wandering.
396

melancholia noun

Deep depression.

In the book
9: Karen Green: prolonged insomnia; frequent unmotivated panic attacks; deep melancholia; persistent cough.tt* 10: Will Navidson: obsessive behavior; weight loss; night terrors; vivid dreaming accompanied by increased mutism.
396

night terrors noun

Episodes of panic and screaming during deep sleep.

In the book
9: Karen Green: prolonged insomnia; frequent unmotivated panic attacks; deep melancholia; persistent cough.tt* 10: Will Navidson: obsessive behavior; weight loss; night terrors; vivid dreaming accompanied by increased mutism.
396

mutism noun

Not speaking.

In the book
9: Karen Green: prolonged insomnia; frequent unmotivated panic attacks; deep melancholia; persistent cough.tt* 10: Will Navidson: obsessive behavior; weight loss; night terrors; vivid dreaming accompanied by increased mutism.
397

nettlesome adjective

Annoying.

In the book
The labor she put into both film shorts resulted in more moderate mood swings, an increase in sleep, and an end to that nettlesome cough.”
397

bereft adjective

Deprived of something; left without it.

In the book
How tragic to find Navidson so bereft of energy, his usual snap and alacrity of thought replaced by such unyielding torpor.
397

alacrity noun

Quick and eager readiness.

In the book
How tragic to find Navidson so bereft of energy, his usual snap and alacrity of thought replaced by such unyielding torpor.
397

torpor noun

A state of dull inactivity.

In the book
How tragic to find Navidson so bereft of energy, his usual snap and alacrity of thought replaced by such unyielding torpor.
397

reticence noun

Not saying much; keeping one's thoughts private.

In the book
Then at the beginning of March, “while tests on the wall samples progressed,” as The Haven-Slocum Theory observes, Navidson begins to eat again, work out, and though his general reticence continues, Reston still sees Navidson’s new behavior as a change for the better: “I was blind to his intentions.
397

keystone noun

The central stone of an arch; the central part of an argument.

In the book
What everyone knows now as Exploration #5.”378 Where The Bister-Frieden-Josephson Criteria made Navidson’s letter to Karen the keystone of its analysis, The Haven-Slocum Theory does away with the document in a footnote, describing it as “drunken babble chock-full of expected expressions of grief, re-identification with a lost object, and plenty of transference, …
397

Transference; the kiss on tape

real term

In psychoanalysis, transference means moving feelings for one person (often a parent) onto another. Haven and Slocum say Navidson's letter is really about his absent mother.

Navidson watches the tape of Wax kissing Karen with no reaction, which they read as a sign of how numb the house has made him.

In the book
… keystone of its analysis, The Haven-Slocum Theory does away with the document in a footnote, describing it as “drunken babble chock-full of expected expressions of grief, re-identification with a lost object, and plenty of transference, having less to do with Navidson’s lost brother and more to do with the maternal absence he endured throughout his life.
397

transference noun (psychoanalysis)

Moving feelings from one person (often a parent) onto another.

In the book
… keystone of its analysis, The Haven-Slocum Theory does away with the document in a footnote, describing it as “drunken babble chock-full of expected expressions of grief, re-identification with a lost object, and plenty of transference, having less to do with Navidson’s lost brother and more to do with the maternal absence he endured throughout his life.
398 fn 380

Books on Navidson's dreams; Ernest Hartmann

mixed

A list of invented studies. Ernest Hartmann was a real sleep researcher whose book The Nightmare: The Psychology and Biology of Terrible Dreams (1984) the invented title parodies. Oona Fanihdjarte's book on Carl Jung and Susan Beck's article are invented.

In the book
Again quoting directly from the Theory: “Far better than words influenced by the depressive effects of alcohol, these intimate glimpses of Navidson’s psyche reveal more about why he decided to go back and what may account for the profound physiological consequences that followed once he was inside.”
398–399

Dream #1, “Wishing Well”; Sartre's Huis Clos

mixed

Navidson is dead in a stone chamber; the only way out is down a well, where a blue light saves some and others fall forever. Haven's analysis title plays on “a penny for your thoughts”.

Jean-Paul Sartre's play Huis Clos (No Exit, 1944) shows Hell as a closed room with no exit.

In the book
Mia Haven entitles her analysis of Dream #1: “Wishing Well: A Penny For Your Thoughts ...
398

toga noun

A loose robe worn by citizens of ancient Rome.

In the book
Everywhere people wander aimlessly around, dressed in soiled togas.
398

aperture noun

An opening or hole.

In the book
As Navidson approaches this aperture, he realizes two things: 1) he has died and this is some kind of half-way station, and 2) the only way out is down through the well.
398

viscous adjective

Thick and sticky, flowing slowly.

In the book
Navidson presumes it is water though he senses it is somewhat more viscous.
398 fn 380

Super-Kamiokande and Cherenkov light

real

Super-Kamiokande is a real neutrino detector in Japan: a giant tank of ultrapure water deep underground, where passing particles make faint blue Cherenkov light. The footnote even gives its real web address.

The science matches the first dream: a clear liquid and a violent blue light.

In the book
Totsuka’s Ultrapure Water, the SuperKamiokande Detector and Cherenkov Light (W.H.
398 fn 380

“Thou talk'st of nothing. True, I talk of dreams”

real

Lines from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet (Act 1, Scene 4), where Mercutio gives his speech about Queen Mab, the fairy who brings dreams. The invented essay appears in “Mab Weekly”.

In the book
Freeman and Company, 1997); also see www-sk.icrr .u-tokyo.ac.jp/doc/sk/; and of course Tom Curie’s essay “Thou Talk’st of nothing. True, I talk of dreams” (Mab Weekly, Celtic Publications, September 1993).
399

ethereal adjective

Light, delicate, heavenly.

In the book
2) If he has lived a good life, a blue light will carry him to some ethereal and gentle place.
399

romp noun

A lively, playful passage or activity.

In the book
She even digresses for a playful romp through Sartre’s Huis Clos, hinting how that formidable work helped shape Navidson’s imagination.
399

Dream #2, “At A Snail's Place”; Doctor Dolittle

mixed

A town feasts on a giant snail, then walks up inside its shell with candles; Navidson climbs on alone. The title puns on “at a snail's pace”.

In Hugh Lofting's The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle (1922) the doctor travels inside the shell of a giant sea snail.

In the book
For Dream #2, Lance Slocum provides the widely revered analysis entitled “At A Snail’s Place.”
399

wind noun

A turn or twist (rhymes with “find”), as in a spiral.

In the book
As they enter the enormous wind (as in “to wind something up”), their candlelight illuminates walls that are white as pearl and as opalescent as sea shells.
399

opalescent adjective

Showing changing milky colours, like an opal.

In the book
As they enter the enormous wind (as in “to wind something up”), their candlelight illuminates walls that are white as pearl and as opalescent as sea shells.
399

ammonite noun

An extinct sea creature with a coiled shell.

In the book
Slocum begins with an amusing reference to Doctor Dolittle before turning to consider the homes which ancient ammonites38!
399 fn 381–382

Ammonites, the logarithmic spiral; Monod-Herzen; the Kitawans' nautilus

real

Ammonites were ancient sea creatures with spiral shells; many shells grow in a logarithmic spiral. Edouard Monod-Herzen's book on form (1927) is real; Bachelard cites it. The people of Kitava in Papua New Guinea value the chambered nautilus shell.

In the book
Slocum begins with an amusing reference to Doctor Dolittle before turning to consider the homes which ancient ammonites38! constructed around an almost logarithmic axis, a legacy they would eons later bestow 381See Edouard Monod-Herzen’s Principes de morphologie générale, vol.
400

Bachelard, The Poetics of Space, chapter 5 “Shells”; the Abbé de Vallemont

real

Slocum quotes Bachelard's chapter on shells (Maria Jolas's translation, Beacon Press): how does a snail grow inside its stone prison? The Abbé de Vallemont was a French priest who wrote Curiosités de la nature et de l'art (1709). Footnote 383 gives the French.

In the book
Primarily Slocum concentrates on chapter 5 of Bachelard’s The Poetics of Space as translated by Maria Jolas (Boston: Beacon Press, 1994), choosing to allow Navidson’s dream the same consideration literature of its kind receives.
400

mortify verb

Humble or shame someone deeply.

In the book
At every step, there is something that humiliates and mortifies proud minds.”
400 fn 383

Geerat J. Vermeij, A Natural History of Shells

real

Vermeij (born 1946) is an American biologist, blind since childhood, who studies shells by touch. His real 1993 book calls shells houses and notes that “economics” and “ecology” both come from Greek oikos, house.

In the book
For a more modern treatment of shell growth see Geerat J. Vermeij’s A Natural History of Shells (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993).
400 fn 383

calcification noun

Hardening by deposits of calcium, as in shell growth.

In the book
Chapter 3 “The Economics of Construction and Maintenance” deals directly with matters of calcification and the problems of dissolution, while chapter | “Shells and the Questions of Biology” considers the sense of the shell in a way that differs slightly from Vallemont’s: “We can think of shells as …
400 fn 383

oikos Greek

House, household.

In the book
The words “economics” and “ecology” are especially apt in this context, for both are derived from the Greek oikos, meaning house.
401

The Sphinx's riddle

real

In Greek myth the Sphinx asked: what walks on four legs in the morning, two at noon and three in the evening? Oedipus answered: a human being, through the stages of life. Slocum links it to growing up.

In the book
… is held by Bachelard’s parentethical384 reference to his own childhood and presumably the rite of growing up: “How extraordinary to find in those ever expandable brackets such a telling correlation between the answer to the Sphinx’s riddle and Navidson’s crisis.”
401

Robinet: the snail's “staircase”

real

Jean-Baptiste Robinet (1735–1820) was a French naturalist-philosopher. Bachelard quotes his idea that a snail builds its shell as a spiral staircase, one step with each turn. Slocum calls the dream an inversion of the house's Spiral Staircase.

In the book
Indeed, by continuing to build on Bachelard, Slocum treats the snail in Navidson’s dream as a “remarkable inversion” of the house’s Spiral Staircase: “Robinet believed that it was by rolling over and over that the snail built its ‘staircase.’
401 fn 384

Johnny: “parentethical”

invented

Johnny leaves Zampanò's typo because he sees a slip about parents in it: “parent-ethical”.

In the book
… 3847 haven't corrected this typo because it seems to me less like an error of transcription and more like a revealing slip on Zampand’s part, where a “parenthetical” mention of youth suddenly becomes a “parentethical” question about how to relate to youth.
401 fn 385–386

Derrida, “Tympan”, Margins of Philosophy; Alan Bass

reallabyrinth

A real passage from Derrida's 1972 essay about the ear as a labyrinth: the tympanum (eardrum), Ariadne's thread, a city wound like a snail. Translator Alan Bass notes that French limaçon means snail, spiral staircase and the spiral canal of the inner ear (cochlea).

In the book
And of course who can forget Derrida’s remarks on this subject in footnote 5 in “Tympan” in Marges de la philosophie (Paris: Les Editions de Minuit, 1972), Pp.
401 fn 385

limaçon; conque French

Limaçon: snail, spiral staircase, the spiral of the inner ear. Conque: conch shell, and the hollow of the outer ear.

In the book
Pleine et vide de son eau, l’anamnése de la conque résonne seule sur une plage.
401 fn 386

tympanum noun

The eardrum; also a drum.

In the book
38“Tympanum, Dionysianism, labyrinth, Ariadne’s thread.
401 fn 386

anamnesis noun

Recollection; remembering.

In the book
Full and empty of its water, the anamnesis of the choncha resonates alone on the beach.”
402 fn 387–388

René Rouquier, La boule de verre

real

A French poet whom Bachelard quotes. The poem shows a giant snail coming down the mountain, so old it has one horn left, like a church tower. The Editors translate it.

In the book
It contorts itself in order to advance and grow” (Page 122; The Poetics of Space).385 Still more remarkable than even this marvelous coincidence is the poem Bachelard chooses to quote by René Rouquier: 3847 haven't corrected this typo because it seems to me less like an error of transcription and more like a revealing slip on Zampand’s part, where a “parenthetical” mention of youth suddenly becomes a …
402

C'est un escargot énorme… French

Rouquier: “It is an enormous snail coming down from the mountain…”

In the book
C’est un escargot énorme Qui descend de la montagne Et le ruisseau l’accompagne De sa bave blanche Trés vieux, il n’a plus qu’une corne C’est son court clocher carré.387 Navidson is not the first to envision a snail …
402

balm noun

Something that soothes or heals.

In the book
They create harmonies and out of harmonies comes a balm for the soul.
402

emancipatory adjective

Setting free.

In the book
… up his analysis to the notion that both dreams, “The Wishing Well” and “The Snail,” suggested to Navidson the possibility that he could locate either within himself or “‘ within that vast missing” some emancipatory sense to put to rest his confusions and troubles, even put to rest the confusions and troubles of others, a curative symmetry to last the ages.
402

ply verb

Work at steadily; travel over a route.

In the book
For the more troubling and by far most terrifying Dream #3, Mia Haven and Lance Slocum team up together to ply the curvatures of that strange stretch of imaginings.
403 fn 389

“[2 pages missing]” and Dream #3

invented

The analysis of the third, most terrifying dream is missing; footnote 389 is only blank lines.

In the book
For the more troubling and by far most terrifying Dream #3, Mia Haven and Lance Slocum team up together to ply the curvatures of that strange stretch of imaginings.
403 fn 390

micturate verb

Urinate.

In the book
Only later after I find some candles, stomp around my room, splash water on the old face, micturate, light a sterno can and put the kettle on, only then can I respond to my cold head and my general physical misery, which I do, relishing every bit of it in fact.
403 fn 390

Raphe nuclei; Sterno

real

The raphe nuclei are groups of brainstem cells that make serotonin and help control sleep; Johnny says the dream came out of them. Sterno is canned jelly fuel used to heat food.

In the book
Only later after I find some candles, stomp around my room, splash water on the old face, micturate, light a sterno can and put the kettle on, only then can I respond to my cold head and my general physical misery, which I do, relishing every bit of it in fact.
403 fn 390

frat boy noun (slang)

A member of a US college fraternity, often seen as a loud party drinker.

In the book
I am either glad, startled or terrified, but before I can figure out which I complete two quick turns and there he is, this drunken frat boy wearing a plum-colored Topha Beta sweatshirt, carrying the lid of a garbage can in his right hand and a large fireman’s ax in his left.
403–406 fn 390

Johnny's dream: the ship, the frat boy, the ax

inventedlabyrinth

At 3:19 AM on a new year Johnny remembers a dream. He wanders the maze-like hull of a ship; he is deformed, hairy, with a hard bulge on his forehead, put there by an old man who called him son. The picture recalls the Minotaur in its labyrinth.

A drunken frat boy with an ax turns into a woman who looks at him with love, and she strikes him.

In the book
But as I take a step forward, everything changes. The frat boy I realize is not the frat boy anymore but someone else.
404 fn 390

cleave verb

Split with a heavy blow.

In the book
His plan I see is not too complicated: he intends to drive that heavy blade into my skull, across the bridge of my nose, cleave the roof of my mouth, the core of my brain, split apart the very vertebrae in my neck, and he won’t stop there either.
404 fn 390

serrated adjective

Having a row of sharp, saw-like points.

In the book
… and my fingers and he’ll even pop my eyes with the butt of the handle and then with the heal of the blade attempt to crush my teeth, despite the fact that they’re long, serrated and unusually strong.
404 fn 390

hew verb

Chop or cut with an ax.

In the book
Where my internal organs are concerned, these too he’ll treat with the same respect, hewing, smashing and slicing until he’s too tired and too covered with blood to finish, even though of course he really finished awhile ago, and then he’1l slouch exhausted, panting like some stupid dog, drunk …
404 fn 390–391

Kyrie, the BMW tattoo, Mulholland; “utter dismemberment”

mixed

In a long parenthesis Johnny meets Kyrie in a supermarket. She has the BMW logo and its real slogan “The Ultimate Driving Machine” tattooed on her back, and will marry Gdansk Man and live up on Mulholland Drive, the road along the Hollywood Hills.

She translates the German phrase from Chapter XIV as “utter dismemberment”. The Editors point back to footnote 310.

In the book
… he’1l slouch exhausted, panting like some stupid dog, drunk on his beer, this killing, this victory, while I lie strewn about that bleak place, der absoluten Zerrissenheit (as it turned out I ran into Kyrie at the supermarket this last November.
404 fn 390

catty adjective

Spiteful, especially in speech.

In the book
Apparently a stripper had gotten a little catty with her.
404 fn 390

ire noun

Anger.

In the book
Kyrie didn't mention any ire on his part or history on our part, so I just nodded my approval and then right there in the canned food aisle, asked her for the translation of that German phrase which I …
405 fn 390

exasperation noun

Strong annoyance.

In the book
I asked her, trying, but probably failing, to conceal my exasperation.
405 fn 390

sinew noun

A tendon; strength.

In the book
I just stand there, every sinew and nerve easing me into a world of relief, my breath slowing, arms dangling at my sides, my jaw slack, legs melting me into ancient waters, until suddenly my eyes on their own accord, …
405 fn 390

atrium (atria) noun (anatomy)

One of the two upper chambers of the heart.

In the book
… and she needs more time than I thought, to get ready, to swing again, while I’m bleeding and dying, which now doesn’t compare at all to the feeling inside, also so familiar, as the atriums of my heart on their own accord suddenly rupture, like my father’s ruptured.
406

posthumously adverb

After the author's death.

In the book
As they start to sum up The Haven-Slocum Theory, the couple quotes from Johanne Scefing’s posthumously published journal: At this late hour I’m unable to put aside thoughts of God’s great sleeper whose history filled my imagination and dreams when I was a boy.
406 fn 392

Johanne Scefing's journal; Jonah 1:15

invented diarist, real Bible verse

In the Book of Jonah, the prophet flees from God by ship. A storm rises, and the sailors throw Jonah into the sea; then “the sea ceased from her raging.” A great fish swallows him.

Haven and Slocum ask if Navidson, like Jonah, entered the house to calm it.

In the book
… house alone I turn to my Bible and find among those thin pages these lines: So they took up Jonah, and cast him forth into the sea: and the sea ceased from her raging. (Jonah 1: 15)392 It seems a somewhat bizarre reference, until Haven and Slocum produce a second PEER table documenting what happened once Navidson entered the house on Ash Tree Lane: POST-EXPOSURE EFFECTS RATING 0: Alicia Rosenbaum: …
406

The second PEER table: “the house became a house again”

invented

After Navidson goes in, everyone's symptoms ease, and the house shrinks back: the closet space is gone and the hallway is a shallow white closet.

In the book
The Haven-Slocum Theory™ —2 Even more peculiar, the house became a house again.
406

flush with adjective

Level with, making one flat surface.

In the book
Karen’s bookshelves were once again flush with the walls.
407 fn 393

Patricia B. Nesselroade, Tamper With This

real publisher, invented book

An invented self-help book from a real medical publisher (Williams & Wilkins). It says that writing about a subject until it “branches off into the self” heals. The Theory also counts three suicides among obsessed readers.

In the book
3930f course as Patricia B. Nesselroade, M.D.
The summary of this chapter then shows on the contents page.
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