A reader's companion

House of Leaves

Mark Z. Danielewski, 2000 — Chapter V

Chapter V (pp. 41–73) — no spoilers past page 73
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I. Chapter V: echo

Echo in myth, poetry, religion and physics.

41

R. K. Narayan (epigraph)

real

R. K. Narayan (1906–2001) was an Indian novelist who wrote in English. The line comes from the opening of The Guide (1958): Raju, a former tourist guide, sits alone in an old temple and welcomes a stranger’s visit.

In the book
Vv Raju welcomed the intrusion—something to relieve the loneliness of the place. — R. K. Narayan Iris impossible to appreciate the importance of space in The Navidson Record without first taking into account the significance of echoes.
41

cursory adjective

Quick and not careful.

In the book
However, before even beginning a cursory examination of their literal and thematic presence in the film, echoes reverberating within the word itself need to be distinguished.
41

reverberate verb

To echo again and again.

In the book
However, before even beginning a cursory examination of their literal and thematic presence in the film, echoes reverberating within the word itself need to be distinguished.
41

Echo, Zeus, Hera and Narcissus

realecho

In Ovid’s version, the nymph Echo kept Hera talking while Zeus was with other nymphs. Hera punished her: Echo can only repeat the last words she hears. Echo then loved the beautiful Narcissus, who loved only himself, and she wasted away until only her voice was left.

In the book
Generally speaking, echo has two coextensive histories: the mythological one and the scientific one.4° Each provides a slightly different perspective on the inherent meaning of recurrence, especially when that repetition is imperfect.
41

Pan and Echo; adonta ta melē

realecho

In the Greek novel Daphnis and Chloe by Longus (2nd century AD), Echo refuses the god Pan, and Pan has shepherds tear her to pieces. The Earth hides her “still singing limbs” (Greek adonta ta melē). Zampanò calls Pan the god of “civility and restraint”, which is ironic, and the misspelling “pisces” (fish) looks like a joke.

In the book
Generally speaking, echo has two coextensive histories: the mythological one and the scientific one.4° Each provides a slightly different perspective on the inherent meaning of recurrence, especially when that repetition is imperfect.
41

coextensive adjective

Covering the same area or time.

In the book
Generally speaking, echo has two coextensive histories: the mythological one and the scientific one.4° Each provides a slightly different perspective on the inherent meaning of recurrence, especially when that repetition is imperfect.
41

nymph noun

In Greek myth, a young female nature spirit.

In the book
To illustrate the multiple resonances found in an echo, the Greeks conjured up the story of a beautiful mountain nymph.
41

pine away verb

To grow weak and ill from sadness or love.

In the book
Soon after, Echo fell in love with Narcissus whose obsession with himself caused her to pine away until only her voice remained.
41

amorous adjective

Showing sexual love.

In the book
Echo, however, rejects his amorous offers and Pan, being the god of civility and restraint, tears her to pisces, burying all of her except her voice.
41

adonta ta melē Greek

“Her still singing limbs.”

In the book
Echo, however, rejects his amorous offers and Pan, being the god of civility and restraint, tears her to pisces, burying all of her except her voice. Adonta ta melé.® In both cases, unfulfilled love results in the total negation of Echo’s body and the near negation of her voice.48 But Echo is an insurgent.
41

negation noun

The act of cancelling or destroying; the opposite of something.

In the book
Adonta ta melé.® In both cases, unfulfilled love results in the total negation of Echo’s body and the near negation of her voice.48 But Echo is an insurgent.
41

insurgent noun

A rebel.

In the book
Adonta ta melé.® In both cases, unfulfilled love results in the total negation of Echo’s body and the near negation of her voice.48 But Echo is an insurgent.
41

subvert verb

To weaken authority from inside.

In the book
Despite the divine constraints imposed upon her, she still manages to subvert the gods’ ruling.
41

Digital and analog

realecho

Digital copies are exact; analog copies change a little each time. Zampanò says Echo’s repetitions are “analog”: she adds sorrow or accusation that the original did not have.

In the book
After all, her repetitions are far from digital, much closer to analog.
41–42

Ovid, Metamorphoses III, 356–410

realecho

Ovid (43 BC – about AD 17) retold Greek and Roman myths of transformation in this long Latin poem. Zampanò quotes the Latin lines on Echo’s end: her body wastes away, her bones turn to stone, and only her voice lives. Footnote 50 gives Horace Gregory’s real English translation (1958).

In the book
As Ovid recognized in his Metamorphoses: “David Eric Katz argues for a third: the epistemological one.
41 fn 46

David Eric Katz, The Third Beside You, Oxford University Press

invented book, real pressunreliable source

An invented study of a third, “epistemological” echo: the echo of knowledge. The title recalls T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land: “Who is the third who walks always beside you?”

In the book
As Ovid recognized in his Metamorphoses: “David Eric Katz argues for a third: the epistemological one.
41 fn 46

epistemological adjective

About knowledge: how we know what we know.

In the book
As Ovid recognized in his Metamorphoses: “David Eric Katz argues for a third: the epistemological one.
41 fn 47

Johnny on the translations

invented

Johnny says that in this chapter Zampanò penciled translations of the Greek and Latin in the margins, and Johnny turned them into footnotes.

In the book
… An Analysis of the Epistemological Echo by David Eric Katz (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982), ® adonta ta... = “Her still singing limbs."47 47Note that luckily in this chapter, Zampand penciled many of the translations for these Greek and Latin quotations into the margins.
41 fn 48

Ivan Largo Stilets, Greek Mythology Again, Biloquist Press

inventedunreliable source

An invented book. A biloquist is a person who can speak in two voices, which fits a chapter about echoes.

In the book
‘48Ivan Largo Stilets, Greek Mythology Again (Boston: Biloquist Press, 1995), p, 343-497; as well as Ovid's Metamorphoses, M1.
41 fn 48

biloquist noun

A person who can speak in two voices.

In the book
‘48Ivan Largo Stilets, Greek Mythology Again (Boston: Biloquist Press, 1995), p, 343-497; as well as Ovid's Metamorphoses, M1.
42

Spreta latet silvis … Latin

Ovid on Echo: rejected, she hides in the woods and caves; her body wastes away; only her voice lives.

In the book
Spreta latet silvis pudibundaque frendibus ora protegit et solis ex illo vivit in antris; sed tamen haeret amor crescitque dolore repulsae; extenuant vigiles corpus miserabile curae adducitque cutem macies et in aera sucus corporis omnis abit; vox …
42 fn 49

Cervantes, Don Quixote, Part One, Chapter 9

real

Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616) wrote Don Quixote. The quoted Spanish sentence calls history the “mother” of truth, “witness of the past, example and lesson to the present, and warning to the future”.

In the book
49Literary marvel Miguel de Cervantes set down this compelling passage in his Don Quixote (Part One, Chapter Nine) : ...
42 fn 49

la verdad, cuya madre es la historia … Spanish

Cervantes: “truth, whose mother is history, rival of time, … witness of the past, … warning to the future.”

In the book
49Literary marvel Miguel de Cervantes set down this compelling passage in his Don Quixote (Part One, Chapter Nine) : ... la verdad, cuya madre es la historia, émula del tempo, depdsito de las acciones, testigo de lo pasado, ejemplo y aviso de Jo presente, advertencia de lo por venir.>!
42 fn 49

Pierre Menard

real story, invented manechounreliable source

“Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote” (1939) is a short story by Jorge Luis Borges. Menard, an invented French writer, rewrites parts of Don Quixote word for word, and the narrator praises the copy as richer than the original. Zampanò copies Borges’s joke: he prints the same Spanish passage twice and admires the “variation”. The Editors’ footnote 51 uses Anthony Bonner’s translation of Borges.

In the book
Much later, a yet untried disciple of arms had the rare pleasure of meeting the extraordinary Pierre Menard in a Paris café following the second world war.
42 fn 49

expound verb

To explain in detail.

In the book
Reportedly Menard expounded on his distinct distaste for Madelines but never mentioned the passage (and echo of Den Quixote ) he had penned before the war which had subsequently earned him a fair amount of literary fame: …
42 fn 49

“Madelines”

real

A joke on Marcel Proust. In In Search of Lost Time, the taste of a madeleine cake brings back the narrator’s childhood. Menard, says Zampanò, disliked madeleines.

In the book
Reportedly Menard expounded on his distinct distaste for Madelines but never mentioned the passage (and echo of Den Quixote ) he had penned before the war which had subsequently earned him a fair amount of literary fame: ...

Johnny’s footnote under the Menard passage asks the obvious question: how can two identical passages differ? Then the same bitter taste and the same smell from the tattoo shop come back to him.

42 fn 49

nuance noun

A very small difference in meaning or tone.

In the book
Suffice it to say Menard’s nuances are so fine they are nearly undetectable, though talk with the Framer and you will immediately see how haunted they are by sorrow, accusation, and sarcasm.
42 fn 49

penitent noun

A person who is sorry for a sin and prays.

In the book
… how poorly I’ve been sleeping, going to sleep but not really resting, if that’s possible, though let me tell you, sitting alone, awake to nothing else but this odd murmuring, like listening to the penitent pray—you know it's a prayer but you miss the words—or better yet listening to a bitter curse, realizing a whole lot wrong’s being ushered into the world but still missing the words, me like …
43

befuddled adjective

Confused.

In the book
In his own befuddled way, John Hollander has given the world a beautiful and strange reflection on love and longing.
43 fn 52

John Hollander, The Figure of Echo

real book, invented portraitecho

John Hollander (1929–2013) was an American poet and Yale professor. The Figure of Echo (University of California Press, 1981) is a real study of echo in English poetry. Zampanò’s picture of him mumbling on a sidewalk is invented.

In the book
In his own befuddled way, John Hollander has given the world a beautiful and strange reflection on love and longing.
43

reckoning noun

A calculation; a judgment.

In the book
To read his marvelous dialogue on echo*? is to find its author standing perfectly still in the middle of the sidewalk, eyes wild with a cascade of internal reckonings, lips acting out some unintelligible discourse, inaudible to the numerous students who race by him, noting his mad appearance and quite rightly offering him a wide berth as they escape into someone else’s class.*3 …
43

a wide berth idiom

A large distance kept from someone to avoid him.

In the book
… the sidewalk, eyes wild with a cascade of internal reckonings, lips acting out some unintelligible discourse, inaudible to the numerous students who race by him, noting his mad appearance and quite rightly offering him a wide berth as they escape into someone else’s class.*3 Hollander begins with a virtual catalogue of literal echoes.
43

decem iam annos aetatem trivi in Cicerone Latin

“I have spent ten years on Cicero.”

In the book
For example, the Latin “decem iam annos aetatem trivi in Cicerone” echoed by the Greek “one!”O Or “Musarum studia” (Latin) described by the echo as “dia” (Greek).% Or Narcissus’ rejection “Emoriar, quam sit tibi copia letter, wanting to detect at least one differing accent or …
43 fn 49

similitude noun

Likeness, similarity.

In the book
… echo as “dia” (Greek).% Or Narcissus’ rejection “Emoriar, quam sit tibi copia letter, wanting to detect at least one differing accent or letter, getting almost desperate in that pursuit, only to repeatedly discover perfect similitude, though how can that be, right?
43 fn 49

sluice verb

To flow out quickly, as through a water gate.

In the book
I started to throw up, watery chunks of vomit flying everywhere, sluicing out of me onto the floor, splashing onto the wall, even onto this.
43 fn 49

jittery adjective

Nervous and shaky.

In the book
I was back in my room again, looking around in the dim light, jittery, disoriented but hardly fooled.
43 fn 49

toke noun

One breath of smoke from a joint.

In the book
A toke on a blunt.
43 fn 49

blunt slang

A cigar filled with cannabis.

In the book
A toke on a blunt.
43 fn 49

haven noun

A safe place, a harbour.

In the book
I haven’t the foggiest idea.
43 fn 49

“Amaurotic Guide”; zonules of Zinn

real

Johnny calls his guide blind (“amaurotic”), the word Zampanò used in Chapter III. The zonules of Zinn are tiny fibres that hold the lens of the eye in place; if they break, the eye cannot focus.

In the book
… why they’re hostile or how to get back to safe havens, an Old Haven, a lost haven, the temperature dropping, the hour heaving & pitching towards a profound darkness, while before me my idiotic amaurotic Guide laughs, actually cackles is more like it, lost in his own litany of inside jokes, completely out of his head, out of focus too, zonules of Zinn, among other things, having snapped long ago …
43 fn 49

cackle verb

To laugh in a loud, harsh way.

In the book
… how to get back to safe havens, an Old Haven, a lost haven, the temperature dropping, the hour heaving & pitching towards a profound darkness, while before me my idiotic amaurotic Guide laughs, actually cackles is more like it, lost in his own litany of inside jokes, completely out of his head, out of focus too, zonules of Zinn, among other things, having snapped long ago like piano wires, …
43 fn 49

litany noun

A long repeated prayer; a long list.

In the book
… Haven, a lost haven, the temperature dropping, the hour heaving & pitching towards a profound darkness, while before me my idiotic amaurotic Guide laughs, actually cackles is more like it, lost in his own litany of inside jokes, completely out of his head, out of focus too, zonules of Zinn, among other things, having snapped long ago like piano wires, leaving me with absolutely no sound way to determine …
43 fn 53

Kelly Chamotto, “Mid-Sentence, Mid-Stream”, in Glorious Garrulous Graphomania

inventedunreliable source

An invented essay in an invented book with a real press (University of Iowa Press). The title is a joke: “graphomania” was Johnny’s word for Zampanò in the Introduction.

In the book
53Kelly Chamotto makes mention of Hollander in her essay “Mid-Sentence, Mid-Stream” in Glorious Garrulous Graphomania ed.
43–44

Echo poems: Cicero, the Muses, Narcissus

realecho

Hollander lists old “echo verses”, in which an echo repeats the last syllables and makes a new word. In Erasmus’s dialogue “Echo”, a man says he spent ten years on Cicero, and the echo answers one, Greek for “ass”. Musarum studia (“the Muses’ studies”) returns as dia (“divine ones”). In Ovid, Narcissus says “May I die before I give you power over me”, and Echo repeats only “I give you power over me”.

In the book
345. o“Pve spent ten years on Cicero” “Ass!”
44

Emoriar, quam sit tibi copia nostri Latin

Ovid, Narcissus: “May I die before I give you power over me.”

In the book
For example, the Latin “decem iam annos aetatem trivi in Cicerone” echoed by the Greek “one!”O Or “Musarum studia” (Latin) described by the echo as “dia” (Greek).% Or Narcissus’ rejection “Emoriar, quam sit tibi copia letter, wanting to detect at least one differing accent or letter, getting almost desperate in that pursuit, only to repeatedly discover perfect similitude, though how can that be, right?
44

woodcut noun

A print made from a carved block of wood.

In the book
nostri" to which Echo responds “sit tibi copia nostri.”"€@ On page 4, he even provides a woodcut from Athanasius Kircher’s Neue Hall -und Thonkunst (No6rdlingen, 1684) illustrating an artificial echo machine designed to exchange “ clamore” for four echoes:“ amore,” “ more,’ “ore,” and finally “re.”
44

Athanasius Kircher, Neue Hall- und Thonkunst (1684)

realecho

Kircher (1602–1680) was a German Jesuit scholar who wrote on almost every science. His book on sound shows an echo machine that turns clamore (“outcry”) into amore, more, ore and re: “love”, “delays”, “hours”, “king”.

In the book
nostri" to which Echo responds “sit tibi copia nostri.”"€@ On page 4, he even provides a woodcut from Athanasius Kircher’s Neue Hall -und Thonkunst (No6rdlingen, 1684) illustrating an artificial echo machine designed to exchange “ clamore” for four echoes:“ amore,” “ more,’ “ore,” and finally “re.”
44

transfiguration noun

A complete change in form.

In the book
His slim volume abounds with examples of textual transfiguration, though in an effort to keep from repeating the entire book, let this heart-wrenching interchange serve as a final example: Chi dara fine al gran dolore?
44

“Chi darà fine al gran dolore? L’ore.”

realecho

An Italian echo verse: “Who will put an end to this great sadness?” The echo answers “The hours”, that is, time.

In the book
… slim volume abounds with examples of textual transfiguration, though in an effort to keep from repeating the entire book, let this heart-wrenching interchange serve as a final example: Chi dara fine al gran dolore? L’ore.*° While The Figure of Echo takes special delight in clever word games, Hollander knows better than to limit his examination there.
44

rabbinical adjective

About rabbis and their teachings.

In the book
For instance, the rabbinical bat kol means “daughter of a voice” which in modern Hebrew serves as a rough equivalent for the word “echo.”
44

Bat kol, “daughter of a voice”

realecho

In rabbinic Judaism, the bat kol is a heavenly voice that speaks after prophecy ended. In modern Hebrew the phrase means “echo”.

In the book
For instance, the rabbinical bat kol means “daughter of a voice” which in modern Hebrew serves as a rough equivalent for the word “echo.”
44 fn 55

Milton, Paradise Lost IX, 653–54; Wordsworth, “Ode to Duty”

real

Two poets use the phrase: Milton calls God’s command the “Sole Daughter of his voice”, and Wordsworth opens his “Ode to Duty” (1807) with “Stern Daughter of the Voice of God!”

In the book
For instance, the rabbinical bat kol means “daughter of a voice” which in modern Hebrew serves as a rough equivalent for the word “echo.” Milton knew it: “God so commanded, and left that Command/ Sole Daughter of his voice.”55 So did Wordsworth: “stern Daughter of the Voice of God.”
44

Henry Reynolds, Mythomystes (1632); Iamblichus; the Cabalists

real

Reynolds was an English poet and critic who read Greek myths as hidden religious truths. Iamblichus (about 245–325) was a Neoplatonist philosopher; the Cabalists are students of the Jewish mystical tradition, the Kabbalah. In the quoted passage, Echo is the reflection of God’s breath upon the soul.

In the book
Quoting from Henry Reynold’s Mythomystes (1632), Hollander evidences religious appropriation of the ancient myth (page 16): This Winde is (as the before-mentioned Iamblicus, by consent of his other fellowCabalists sayes) the Symbole of the Breath of God; and Ecco, …
44

beatifying adjective

Making holy or blessed.

In the book
… sayes) the Symbole of the Breath of God; and Ecco, the reflection of this divine breath, or spirit upon us; or (as they interpret it) the daughter of the divine voice; which through the beatifying splendor it shedds and diffuses through the Soule, is justly worthy to be reverenced and adored by us.
44

vitiously adverb

Old spelling of “viciously”: in a sinful way.

In the book
This Ecco descending upon a Narcissus, or such a Soule as (impurely and vitiously affected) slights, and stops his eares to the Divine voice, or shutts his harte from divine Inspirations, through his being enamour’d of not himselfe, but his owne shadow meerely .
44

Mercury, Prometheus, talaria

real

Mercury (Greek Hermes) is the messenger of the gods, with winged sandals called talaria. Prometheus stole fire from the gods and gave it to humans. Zampanò imagines Echo as a female messenger of God.

In the book
Thus Echo suddenly assumes the role of god’s messenger, a female Mercury or perhaps even Prometheus, decked in talaria, with lamp in hand, descending on fortunate humanity.
44

talaria Latin

The winged sandals of Mercury.

In the book
Thus Echo suddenly assumes the role of god’s messenger, a female Mercury or perhaps even Prometheus, decked in talaria, with lamp in hand, descending on fortunate humanity.
44 fn 54

solis ex illo vivit in antris

realecho

A half-line from Ovid: “From that time on she lived in lonely caves.” Zampanò’s gloss calls these “Literature’s rocky caves”.

45 fn 56

Hanson Edwin Rose, Creationist Myths, Pneuma Publications

inventedunreliable source

An invented theologian with invented lectures at Chapel Hill (the University of North Carolina). He compares the Hebrew davar and the Greek logos, the two words for “word”, and ends with “we are only god’s echoes and god is Narcissus”. Pneuma is Greek for “breath” or “spirit”.

In the book
In 1989, however, the noted southern theologian Hanson Edwin Rose dramatically revised this reading.
45

John 1:1; the Big Bang

real

“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” The first verse of the Gospel of John. Rose calls God’s first word “The Biggest Bang Of Them All”.

In the book
After discussing in depth the difference between the Hebrew davhar and the Greek Jogos, Rose took a careful accounting of St. John, chapter 1, Verse 1—“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.”
45

virtuoso adjective

Showing great technical skill.

In the book
It was a virtuoso performance but one that surely would have been relegated to those dusty shelves already burdened with a thousand years of seminary discourse had he not summed up his ruminations with this incendiary and still …
45

relegate verb

To send to a lower, forgotten place.

In the book
It was a virtuoso performance but one that surely would have been relegated to those dusty shelves already burdened with a thousand years of seminary discourse had he not summed up his ruminations with this incendiary and still infamous conclusion: “Look to the sky, look to yourself …
45

seminary noun

A college that trains priests or ministers.

In the book
It was a virtuoso performance but one that surely would have been relegated to those dusty shelves already burdened with a thousand years of seminary discourse had he not summed up his ruminations with this incendiary and still infamous conclusion: “Look to the sky, look to yourself and remember: we are only god’s echoes and god is Narcissus.”*° Rose’s …
45

incendiary adjective

Causing fire; causing anger and conflict.

In the book
… was a virtuoso performance but one that surely would have been relegated to those dusty shelves already burdened with a thousand years of seminary discourse had he not summed up his ruminations with this incendiary and still infamous conclusion: “Look to the sky, look to yourself and remember: we are only god’s echoes and god is Narcissus.”*° Rose’s pronouncement recalls another equally important meditation: Why did god create a …
45 fn 57–58

“Why did god create a dual universe?”

inventedunreliable source

A four-line poem that Zampanò quotes without a source. Johnny says the lines have “a familiar ring”; the Editors say they could not find the author and ask readers for help.

In the book
… his ruminations with this incendiary and still infamous conclusion: “Look to the sky, look to yourself and remember: we are only god’s echoes and god is Narcissus.”*° Rose’s pronouncement recalls another equally important meditation: Why did god create a dual universe? So he might say, “Be not like me.
45

occlude verb

To block or hide.

In the book
What the passage occludes, no doubt on purpose, is how such an understanding might be attained.
45

modulation noun

A change in tone, pitch or key.

In the book
Interestingly enough, for all its marvelous observation, The Figure of Echo contains a startling error, one which performs a poetic modulation on a voice sounded over a century ago.
45–46 fn 59

Wordsworth, “The Power of Sound”

realecho

William Wordsworth (1770–1850) wrote “On the Power of Sound” (1835). The original line has “the sky’s blue caves”. Hollander’s book prints “blue care”, and Zampanò reads the misprint as Hollander’s own hidden feeling. The 1908 Methuen edition by Nowell Charles Smith is real.

In the book
While discussing Wordsworth’s poem “The Power of Sound” Hollander quotes on page 19 the following few lines: Ye Voices, and ye Shadows And Images of voice—to hound and horn From rocky steep and rock-bestudded meadows Flung back, …
45

davar / logos Hebrew / Greek

Both mean “word”; logos also means reason.

46

canonical adjective

Accepted as standard or authoritative.

In the book
… hound and horn From rocky steep and rock-bestudded meadows Flung back, and, in the sky's blue caves reborn —‘? [Italics added for emphasis] While Wordsworth’s poetics retain the literal properties and stay within the canonical jurisdiction of Echo, Hollander’s find something else, not exactly ‘religious’ —that would be hyperbole—but ‘compassionate’, which as an echo of humanity suggests the profoundest return of all.
46

hyperbole noun

Exaggeration.

In the book
… sky's blue caves reborn —‘? [Italics added for emphasis] While Wordsworth’s poetics retain the literal properties and stay within the canonical jurisdiction of Echo, Hollander’s find something else, not exactly ‘religious’ —that would be hyperbole—but ‘compassionate’, which as an echo of humanity suggests the profoundest return of all.
46

commensurate adjective

Equal in size or degree; matching.

In the book
Aside from recurrence, revision, and commensurate symbolic reference, echoes also reveal emptiness.
46

resilient adjective

Able to recover quickly.

In the book
Strange then how something so uncanny and outside of the self, even ghostly as some have suggested, can at the same time also contain a resilient comfort: the assurance that even if it is imaginary and at best the product of a wall, there is still something else out there, something to stake out in the face of nothingness.
46

redolent adjective

Strongly suggesting something.

In the book
Hollander is wrong when he writes on page 55: The apparent echoing of solitary words [reminds] us . . . that acoustical echoing in empty places can be a very common auditory emblem, redolent of gothic novels as it may be, of isolation and often of unwilling solitude.
46

reverb noun

Short for reverberation: the echo effect in a recording.

In the book
It is not by accident that choirs singing Psalms are most always recorded with ample reverb.
46

Vienna Boys Choir; monks on a “chart climbing CD”

real

Two examples of holy music recorded with a lot of echo. The monks are the Benedictines of Santo Domingo de Silos in Spain: their album Chant became a world hit in 1994.

In the book
Whether the Vienna Boys Choir or monks chanting away on some chart climbing CD, the hallowed always seems to abide in the province of the hollow.
46

hallowed adjective

Holy.

In the book
Whether the Vienna Boys Choir or monks chanting away on some chart climbing CD, the hallowed always seems to abide in the province of the hollow.
46

disquieting adjective

Causing worry.

In the book
If, however, the pebble only slips into darkness and vanishes without a sound, the effect is disquieting.
46 fn 59

Alice May Williams; No One May Ever Have The Same Knowledge Again

real, but it sounds inventedunreliable source

A real book (1993) of strange letters that ordinary people sent to the Mount Wilson Observatory in California between 1915 and 1935. The publisher is linked to the Museum of Jurassic Technology in Los Angeles. Alice May Williams wrote that the sky opens and closes.

In the book
Also of some interest is Alice May Williams letter to the observers at Mount Wilson (CAT.
47

versed adjective

Having knowledge or skill in something.

In the book
The descriptive ability of the audible is easily designated with the following formula: © Sound + Time = Acoustic Light As most people know who are versed in this century’s technological effects, exact distances can be determined by timing the duration of a sound’s round trip between the deflecting object and its point of origin.
47

obstetrician noun

A doctor for pregnancy and birth.

In the book
This principle serves as the basis for all the radar, sonar and ultrasonics used every day around the world by air traffic controllers, fishermen, and obstetricians.
47

Echolocation: radar, sonar, bats, dolphins, oilbirds

realecho

Echolocation is how animals “see” with sound: they send a sound and read the echo. Bats, toothed whales, dolphins and the South American oilbird use it. Radar, sonar and medical ultrasound do the same with machines. The Doppler shift is the change in pitch when the source or the target moves.

In the book
Of course echolocation has never belonged exclusively to technology.
47

echolocation noun

Finding objects by sending sound and hearing the echo.

In the book
Of course echolocation has never belonged exclusively to technology.
47

larynx noun

The voice box in the throat.

In the book
Bats, for example, create frequency modulated [FM] images by producing constant-frequency signals [0.5 to 100+ ms] and FM signals [0.5 to 10 ms] in their larynx.
47

auditory cortex noun

The part of the brain that processes sound.

In the book
The respondent echoes are then translated into nerve discharges in the auditory cortex, enabling the bat not only to determine an insect’s velocity and direction (through synaptic interpretation of Doppler shifts) but pinpoint its location to within a fraction of a millimeter.
47

Doppler shift noun

A change in the pitch of a wave when the source or listener moves.

In the book
The respondent echoes are then translated into nerve discharges in the auditory cortex, enabling the bat not only to determine an insect’s velocity and direction (through synaptic interpretation of Doppler shifts) but pinpoint its location to within a fraction of a millimeter.
47

Michael J. Buckingham

real

A real British-American ocean acoustician. He worked on “acoustic daylight”, a way to make images from the natural noise of the sea.

In the book
As Michael J. Buckingham noted in the mid-80s, imaging performed by the human eye is neither active nor passive.
47 fn 61

“I see it feelingly” (King Lear IV.vi)

real

In Shakespeare’s King Lear, the Earl of Gloucester has lost his eyes. When the mad Lear asks how he sees the world, he answers “I see it feelingly.”

In the book
Based on these observations, the already mentioned formula reflects a more accurate understanding of vision with the following refinement: © Sound + Time = Acoustic Touch As Gloucester murmured, “I see it feelingly.”®!

Footnote 62 is Johnny’s longest yet. It starts at “perhaps your word” and runs into a dense, broken passage about his father and his own scars.

47 fn 60

D. R. Griffin, Listening in the Dark

real

Donald Griffin (1915–2003), an American zoologist, proved that bats navigate by echoes and named the process “echolocation”. Listening in the Dark (1958) is his classic book.

In the book
Echolocation comes down to the crude assessment of simple sound modulations, whether in the dull reply of See D. R. Griffin, Listening in the Dark (1986).
48 fn 62

ventricle noun

One of the two lower chambers of the heart.

In the book
… were it not for those six lines, especially the last bit “— perhaps your word —"” conjuring up, at least for me, one of those deep piercing reactions, the kind that just misses a ventricle, the old man making his way—feeling his way—around the walls of another evening, a slow and tedious progress but one which begins to yield, somehow, the story of his own creature darkness, taking me …
48 fn 62

protract verb

Here: to push out (claws).

In the book
… tedious progress but one which begins to yield, somehow, the story of his own creature darkness, taking me completely by surprise, a sudden charge from out of the dullest moment, jaws lunging open, claws protracting, and just so you understand where I'm coming from, I consider ".
48 fn 62

The Sky Bar

real

A bar at the Mondrian Hotel on Sunset Boulevard, fashionable in the late 1990s.

In the book
Two nights ago, we were checking out the Sky Bar, hemorrhaging dough on drinks, but Lude could only cough hard and then laugh real coronary like: “Hoss, a claw’s made of bone just like a stilt’s made of steel.”
48 fn 62

hemorrhage verb

To bleed heavily; here, to lose a lot of money.

In the book
Two nights ago, we were checking out the Sky Bar, hemorrhaging dough on drinks, but Lude could only cough hard and then laugh real coronary like: “Hoss, a claw’s made of bone just like a stilt’s made of steel.”
48 fn 62

stiletto noun

A thin, sharp knife.

In the book
… pitching my own defenses into something entirely different, until the music of that recurrence drew into relief my own scars drawn long ago, over two decades ago, and with more than a claw, a stiletto or even an ancient Samuel O'Reilly @ 1891, and these scars torn, ripped, bleeding and stuttering—for they are first of all his scars—the kind only bars of an EKG can accurately remember, a more …
48 fn 62

Samuel O’Reilly, 1891

real

Samuel O’Reilly, a New York tattoo artist, patented the first electric tattoo machine in 1891. It was based on an electric pen by Thomas Edison.

In the book
… something entirely different, until the music of that recurrence drew into relief my own scars drawn long ago, over two decades ago, and with more than a claw, a stiletto or even an ancient Samuel O'Reilly @ 1891, and these scars torn, ripped, bleeding and stuttering—for they are first of all his scars—the kind only bars of an EKG can accurately remember, a more precise if incomplete history, Q waves …
48 fn 62

EKG, Q waves, the QRS complex, infarction

real

An EKG (electrocardiogram) records the electric activity of the heart as a line of waves. The QRS complex is one heartbeat’s main spike. A deep Q wave can show an old infarction, that is, a heart attack in which part of the heart muscle died.

In the book
… Samuel O'Reilly @ 1891, and these scars torn, ripped, bleeding and stuttering—for they are first of all his scars—the kind only bars of an EKG can accurately remember, a more precise if incomplete history, Q waves deflecting downward at what must be considered the commencement of the QRS complex, telling the story of a past infarction, that awful endurance and eventual letting go, the failure which began it all in …
48 fn 62

infarction noun

Death of tissue when blood supply stops, as in a heart attack.

In the book
… bars of an EKG can accurately remember, a more precise if incomplete history, Q waves deflecting downward at what must be considered the commencement of the QRS complex, telling the story of a past infarction, that awful endurance and eventual letting go, the failure which began it all in the first place, probably right after one burning maze but still years ahead of the Other loss, a horrible violence, …
48 fn 62

myriad noun

A very large number.

In the book
… prisms of salt will always slip through fingers, shimmering, raining, confused, and no matter how spectacular forever unable to prevent his fall, down through the silver, the salmon, away from the gold and the myriad of games held in just that word, suggesting it might have even been Spanish gold, though this makes no differance, still tumbling in rem-, dying and -embered, even?
48 fn 62

“differance”

real

Johnny’s misspelling echoes différance, a term of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida: meaning is never fully present, because each word differs from other words and defers its meaning to them.

In the book
… his fall, down through the silver, the salmon, away from the gold and the myriad of games held in just that word, suggesting it might have even been Spanish gold, though this makes no differance, still tumbling in rem-, dying and -embered, even?
48 fn 62

terminal velocity noun

The highest speed a falling body reaches in air.

In the book
… differance, still tumbling in rem-, dying and -embered, even? or never, in a different light, and not waking this time, before the hit, but sleeping right through it, the slamming into the ground, at terminal velocity too, the pound, the bounce, What kind of ground-air emergency code would that mark mean?
48 fn 62

Ground-air emergency code

real

A set of large letters that survivors mark on the ground for rescue planes. In older survival manuals, an X meant “unable to proceed”.

In the book
… never, in a different light, and not waking this time, before the hit, but sleeping right through it, the slamming into the ground, at terminal velocity too, the pound, the bounce, What kind of ground-air emergency code would that mark mean?
49

Resonance frequencies of a room

realecho

The formula gives the natural frequencies of a closed rectangular room from its length, width and height. Zampanò notes that if the room is infinite, the frequency is 0: an endless room has no resonance at all.

In the book
Even though they are usually difficult to calculate, resonance frequencies, also known as eigenfrequencies or natural frequencies, can be easily determined for a perfectly rectangular room with hard smooth walls.
49

eigenfrequency noun

A natural frequency at which a system vibrates (German eigen, “own”).

In the book
Even though they are usually difficult to calculate, resonance frequencies, also known as eigenfrequencies or natural frequencies, can be easily determined for a perfectly rectangular room with hard smooth walls.
49 fn 62

handmaiden noun

A female servant.

In the book
The following formula describes the resonance frequencies [f] in a room Proceed—then in the awful second arc and second descent, after the sound, the realization of what Sleep has just now delivered, that bloody handmaiden, this time her toiling fingers wet with boiling deformation, oozing in the mutilations of birth, heartless & unholy, black with afterbirth, miscreated changeling and foul, what no one beside him could prevent, but rather …
49 fn 62

changeling noun

In folklore, a child secretly left by fairies in place of a stolen one.

In the book
… the realization of what Sleep has just now delivered, that bloody handmaiden, this time her toiling fingers wet with boiling deformation, oozing in the mutilations of birth, heartless & unholy, black with afterbirth, miscreated changeling and foul, what no one beside him could prevent, but rather might have even caused, and mine too, this unread trauma, driving him to consciousness with a scream, not even a word, a scream, …
49 fn 62

oscillation noun

A movement back and forth.

In the book
But I saw a strange glimmer everywhere, confined to the sharp oscillations of yellow & blue, as if my retinal view suddenly included along with the reflective blessings of light, an unearthly collusion with scent & sound, registering all possibilities of harm, every threat, every move, …
49 fn 62

collusion noun

A secret cooperation.

In the book
But I saw a strange glimmer everywhere, confined to the sharp oscillations of yellow & blue, as if my retinal view suddenly included along with the reflective blessings of light, an unearthly collusion with scent & sound, registering all possibilities of harm, every threat, every move, even with all that grinning and meeting and din.
49 fn 62

abscond verb

To leave secretly, often with something stolen.

In the book
And so when he absconded with a bottle of Jack from the kitchen, I did my best to join him.
50

interstices noun

Small spaces between things.

In the book
(In the case of porous material, the subsurface lattice of interstices translates sound waves into heat.)
50 fn 63

Sabins, Transmission Loss; Kellog Pequity; Ned Noi

real units, invented articlesunreliable source

A sabin is a real unit of sound absorption, named after the physicist Wallace Sabine. Transmission loss measures how well a wall blocks sound. Pequity’s article in Science and Noi’s “Echo’s Verse” in Science News are invented.

In the book
There is only silence.® §3Further attention should probably be given to sabins and Transmission Loss as described by TL = 10 log 1/ T dB, where T= a transmission coefficient and a high TL indicates a high sound insulation.
50 fn 63

sabin noun

A unit of sound absorption.

In the book
There is only silence.® §3Further attention should probably be given to sabins and Transmission Loss as described by TL = 10 log 1/ T dB, where T= a transmission coefficient and a high TL indicates a high sound insulation.
50 fn 64

Flutter echo

real

A fast rattling echo between two parallel hard walls. A small angle between the walls stops it.

In the book
64Parallel surfaces will create a flutter echo, though frequently a splay of as little as 16mm (5/8 inch) can prevent the multiple repetitions.
50 fn 64

splay noun

A slant; a surface set at an angle.

In the book
64Parallel surfaces will create a flutter echo, though frequently a splay of as little as 16mm (5/8 inch) can prevent the multiple repetitions.
50 fn 65

antithetical adjective

Directly opposite.

In the book
There is something more at work here, some sort of antithetical reasoning and proof making, and what about light?, all of which actually made sense to me at a certain hour before midnight or at least came close to making sense.
50

The 50-millisecond rule

realecho

The ear hears a reflection as a separate echo only if it comes back after about 50 milliseconds. Sound travels about 1,130 feet a second, so the wall must be at least 56½ feet away. Fifty-six and a half feet will matter again in this chapter.

50–54 fn 65

Johnny, Lucy and a woman he cannot name

invented

Johnny spends the night with a woman named Lucy but thinks only of another woman. He twice refuses to write a word: “(—can’t write the word—)”.

In the book
The total suddenly climbing to an impossible six words. “Johnny,” I mumbled, promptly earning four more words.
51 fn 65

The Ghost: the Garden of Eden on La Brea and the Rainbow Bar & Grill

real

Johnny’s boss uses one name, The Ghost, for two real Hollywood places: a club on La Brea Avenue and the famous rock bar on Sunset Boulevard.

In the book
… for reasons unknown to me still continuing to endure as a center to my thoughts; her— —first encountered in the company of Lude and my boss at a place my boss likes to call The Ghost.
51 fn 65

nomenclature noun

A system of names.

In the book
Private nomenclature seems to rapidly develop in tight set-upon circles, though truth be told we were only set-upon on a good day, and tight here should be taken pretty loosely.
51 fn 65

junk slang

Heroin.

In the book
My boss was chattering incessantly about his junk days in London and how he‘d contemplated sobriety and what those contemplations had been like.
51 fn 65

keen adjective

Eager.

In the book
Truth be known, I‘d been waiting for this chance for a while, keen on getting his out-of-the-Shop perspective on my efforts, and what efforts they were—diligent designs sketched over the months, intended someday to live in skin, each image carefully wrapped and coiled in colors of cinnabar, …
51 fn 65

Cinnabar, celadon, indigo, umber

real

Colours in Johnny’s tattoo designs: cinnabar is a bright red mineral, celadon a pale grey-green (from Chinese pottery), indigo a deep blue dye, umber a dark brown earth.

In the book
… keen on getting his out-of-the-Shop perspective on my efforts, and what efforts they were—diligent designs sketched over the months, intended someday to live in skin, each image carefully wrapped and coiled in colors of cinnabar, lemon, celadon and indigo, incarnated in the scales of dragons, the bark of ancient roods, shields welded by generations cast aside in the oily umber of shadow & blood not to speak of lifeless …
51 fn 65

synapse noun

A junction between two nerve cells.

In the book
And so it was that before another synapse could fire within my bad-off labyrinthine brain, he was already lying on the floor.
51 fn 65

labyrinthine adjective

Like a labyrinth: complicated and full of turns.

In the book
And so it was that before another synapse could fire within my bad-off labyrinthine brain, he was already lying on the floor.
51 fn 65

cervical vertebrae noun

The bones of the neck.

In the book
The first turn definitely the toughest, necessitating the breaking of cervical vertebrae and the snapping of the spinal cord, but after that, another six or so turns, and voila—the head was off.
51 fn 65

voilà French

“There it is.”

52 fn 65

gape verb

To stare with the mouth open.

In the book
He just left me to gape.
52 fn 65

sublimate verb

To change a strong desire into another, more accepted activity.

In the book
… thinking of her now and I’m lost, lost in the smell of her, the way of her and everything she conjures up inside me, a mad rush of folly & oddly muted lusts, sensations sublimated faster than I can follow, into— oh hell I don’t know what into, I probably shouldn't even be using a word like sublimate, but that’s beside the point, her hair reminding me of a …
52 fn 65

brazed adjective

Joined with hot metal; here, hot and bright.

In the book
… follow, into— oh hell I don’t know what into, I probably shouldn't even be using a word like sublimate, but that’s beside the point, her hair reminding me of a shiny gold desert wind brazed in a hot August sun, hips curving like coastal norths, tits rising and falling beneath her blue sweatshirt the way an ocean will do long after the storm has passed.
52 fn 65

A Triumph

real

Triumph is an old British motorcycle maker. Johnny’s daydream puts him and Thumper on one, escaping a burning coast.

In the book
… battered by the clutch of holding on—I don't know what to, but holding just the same—and cheeks streaked with wind tears; and now that I think of it I guess we are ona motorcycle, a Triumph?, isn’t that what Lude always talks about buying?, ascending into colder but brighter climes, and I don’t know anything about bikes let alone how to drive one.
52 fn 65

climes noun

Regions, climates (literary).

In the book
… same—and cheeks streaked with wind tears; and now that I think of it I guess we are ona motorcycle, a Triumph?, isn’t that what Lude always talks about buying?, ascending into colder but brighter climes, and I don’t know anything about bikes let alone how to drive one.
52 fn 65

sappy adjective

Too sentimental.

In the book
I wasn't even looking at her when she said it, just staring blankly down at my equally blank pad of tracing paper, probably thinking something similar to all those ridiculous, sappy thoughts I just now recounted, about road trips and forest fires and motorcycles, remembering her, even though she was right there in front of me, only a few feet away.
52 fn 65

vesture noun

Clothing (literary).

In the book
Gratefully I received her clothes, lifting them from her fingers tips like they were some sacred vesture bestowed upon me by the Virgin Mary herself.
52 fn 65

Thumper at the tattoo shop

invented

The stripper Johnny mentioned in the Introduction. She comes to the shop to have her rabbit tattoo retouched. Johnny does not know her real name.

In the book
Suffice it to say, the second I saw that rabbit the second I started calling her Thumper.
53 fn 65

mayhem noun

Violent disorder.

In the book
… him thinking to myself, “Who’s this dumb mutant and how the hell did he get up here?” which it turns out I didn’t think at all but accidentally said aloud, causing all sorts of mayhem to ensue, not worth delving into now.
53 fn 65

swooning noun

Fainting from strong emotion, especially love.

In the book
Quick note here: if this crush—slash—swooning stuff is hard for you to stomach; if you've never had a similar experience, then you should come to grips with the fact that you've got a TV dinner for a heart and might …
53 fn 65

coyly adverb

In a falsely shy, teasing way.

In the book
“Just an inch away from my perfectly shaved pussy,” she announced very matter-afactly, only to add somewhat coyly, slipping two fingers beneath her Gstring and pulling it aside; no need to wink now: “The Happiest Place On Earth.”
53 fn 65

enthralled adjective

Completely captured by interest or delight.

In the book
I'm taken; I love how enthralled 33
53 fn 65

deify verb

To make someone a god.

54 fn 65

talk a blue streak idiom

To talk fast and a lot.

In the book
she remains by this festival of living, nothing reserved or even remotely ashamed about who she is or what she does, always talking blue streak to my boss about her three year old child, her boyfriend, her boyfriends, the hand jobs she gets extra for, eleven years of sobriety, her words always winding up the way it feels to …
54 fn 65

“Rite of spring”; “rabbit rabbit”; April fool

real

The Rite of Spring is Stravinsky’s 1913 ballet. “Rabbit rabbit” is an old British superstition: say it on the first day of a month for luck. April Fool’s Day is 1 April, a day for tricks.

In the book
… years of sobriety, her words always winding up the way it feels to wake up wide awake, everything about her awakening at every moment, alive to the world and its quirky opportunities, a sudden rite of spring, Thumper's spring, though spring’s already sprung, rabbit rabbit, and now April’s ruling April’s looming April’s fooling, around, in yet another round, for this year’s ruling April fool.
54 fn 65

muster verb

To gather (courage, words).

In the book
It doesn’t matter that she always gives me a wink and sometimes even a full throated laugh when I call her “Thumper”, “Hi Thumper” “Bye Thumper” the only words I can really muster, she still really only exists for me as a strange mixture of daydream and present day edge, by which I mean something without a past or a future, an icon or idyll of sorts, …
54 fn 65

idyll noun

A happy, peaceful scene or time.

In the book
… can really muster, she still really only exists for me as a strange mixture of daydream and present day edge, by which I mean something without a past or a future, an icon or idyll of sorts, for some reason forbidden to me, but seductive beyond belief and probably relief, her image feeling permanently fixed within me, but not new, more like it's been there all along, even if …
54 fn 66

The Editors: “Mr. Truant declined to comment”

invented

The Editors note that Johnny would not explain this passage.

In the book
Truant declined to comment further on this particular passage.

II. Chapter V: the hallway

The hallway appears, and Navidson goes in for the first time.

55

Reston on the stairs

invented

Billy Reston climbs to the second floor with his arms only. He measures the house again and again and still finds the inside larger than the outside.

In the book
As tape and film reveal, in the month following the expansion of the walls bracketing the book shelves, Billy Reston made several trips to the house where despite all efforts to the contrary, he continued to confirm the confounding impossibility of an interior dimension greater than an exterior one.
55

guns slang

Strong arm muscles.

In the book
“You got a pair of guns there, don’t you partner.”
55 fn 67

Maus Fife-Harris, UC Irvine

inventedunreliable source

Another of Zampanò’s readers, a doctoral student in comparative literature. She objected to the long retellings of the film in a critical work. Zampanò answered with a pun: “We always look for doctors but sometimes we’re lucky to find a frosh” (a first-year student).

In the book
Slyesterday I managed to get Maus Fife-Harris on the phone.
55 fn 67

frosh slang

A first-year student.

In the book
And he replied—I remember this very distinctly: ‘We always look for doctors but sometimes we’re lucky to find a frosh.’
56

Dulles

real

Washington Dulles International Airport, west of Washington, D.C.

In the book
Tom, however, realizes he cannot afford to stay any longer and asks Reston to give him a lift to Charlottesville where he can catch a ride up to Dulles.
56

jocular adjective

Joking.

In the book
While there is no question the tone of this exchange is jocular and perhaps even slightly combative, what matters most here is unspoken.
56

spate noun

A large number of things in a short time.

In the book
… any new friends in Virginia, they keep to themselves, romping around the backyard, shouting, screaming, stinging each other with darts until eventually they drift farther and farther out into the neighborhood for increasingly longer spates of time.
56

Tarot cards; the cross

real

Tarot is a deck of 78 picture cards used for fortune-telling. Karen lays the cards in a cross, as in the common “Celtic Cross” spread.

In the book
Karen is upstairs, sitting on the bed playing with a deck of Tarot cards.
56

Oliver North’s annulled conviction

real

Oliver North was a US Marine officer at the centre of the Iran–Contra affair. His convictions were vacated in July 1990, which dates this scene.

In the book
News of Oliver North’s annulled conviction plays on the TV.
56

cross-cutting noun

In film: moving between two scenes that happen at the same time.

In the book
With superb cross-cutting, Navidson depicts how both he and Karen react to the next moment.
56

occult adjective

About magic and hidden powers.

In the book
Karen has drawn another card from the deck but instead of adding it to the cross slowly forming before her crossed legs, the occult image hangs unseen in the air, frozen between her two fingers, Karen’s eyes already diverted, concentrating on a sound, a new sound, almost out of reach, but reaching her just the same.
57

sprite noun

A small fairy or spirit.

In the book
Navidson soon reappears with Chad and Daisy in each arm, both of them still clutching a homemade candle, their faces lit like sprites on a winter’s eve.
57

Claustrophobia

real

The fear of enclosed spaces. Here the film shows Karen’s claustrophobia for the first time.

In the book
Up until now there has never been even the slightest indication that she suffers from crippling claustrophobia.
57

aloof adjective

Cool and distant.

In the book
Whether it is the lasting flush of terror still in Karen’s cheeks or her absolute need for him, so markedly different from her frequently aloof posture, Navidson cradles her in his arms like a child and promises.
57

Virginia Posah, Wishing Well, Harvard University Press

invented book, real pressunreliable source

An invented book about Karen’s teenage years, placed in a real university press. Posah says that the bold child Karen was “died” at fifteen and left a perfect smile behind.

In the book
Since the release of The Navidson Record, Virginia Posah has written extensively about Karen Green’s adolescent years.
57–58

Posah’s reading: Chopin, Plath, Morrison, “Renee”, Weetzie Bat, Reviving Ophelia, Gilligan

real

Real books about women and girls. Kate Chopin wrote The Awakening (1899); Sylvia Plath and Toni Morrison are major American writers. Autobiography of a Schizophrenic Girl (1950) is a patient’s own account. Francesca Lia Block wrote the Weetzie Bat novels. Mary Pipher’s Reviving Ophelia (1994) and Carol Gilligan’s In a Different Voice (1982) argue that girls lose their voice and confidence in adolescence.

In the book
Along with an exceptional background in everything ranging from Kate Chopin, Sylvia Plath, Toni Morrison, Autobiography of a 688there’s a problem here concerning the location of “The Five and a Half Minute Hallway.”
57 fn 68

North wall or west wall?

inventedunreliable source

Johnny notices that Chapter I put the doorway on the north wall and this chapter puts it on the west wall. He does not know if it is a mistake.

In the book
Initially the doorway was supposed to be on the north wall of the living room (page 4), but now, as you can see for yourself, that position has changed.
57

The hallway in the west wall

inventedecho

The children’s voices echo from a new doorless hallway in the living room. Their echoes mean a space over 56½ feet long, and no room in the house is longer than 25 feet.

58

Diderot to Sophie Volland: “You all die at fifteen”

real

Denis Diderot (1713–1784), the French philosopher, wrote many letters to his companion Sophie Volland. In one he says girls “die” at fifteen, meaning that their true nature is lost.

In the book
In her introduction (page xv), Posah provides this brief overview: When Diderot told the teenage Sophie Volland “You all die at fifteen” he could have been speaking to Karen Green who at fifteen did die.
58

unattenuated adjective

Not weakened.

In the book
All her choices reflected unattenuated self-confidence—a remarkably healthy sign for a thirteen year old girl.
58

exuberant adjective

Full of energy and joy.

In the book
Karen Green was exuberant, feisty, charming, independent, spontaneous, sweet, and most of all fearless.
58

feisty adjective

Brave and full of fight.

In the book
Karen Green was exuberant, feisty, charming, independent, spontaneous, sweet, and most of all fearless.
58

aphonia noun

Loss of the voice.

In the book
Tragically her creation proved flawless and though her near aphonia should have alarmed any adept teacher or guidance counselor, it was invariably rewarded with the pyritic prize of high school popularity.
58

pyritic adjective

Like pyrite, “fool’s gold”: it looks valuable but is not.

In the book
Tragically her creation proved flawless and though her near aphonia should have alarmed any adept teacher or guidance counselor, it was invariably rewarded with the pyritic prize of high school popularity.
59 fn 69

The Anomic Mag: Karen’s phobia study

invented study, real medicineunreliable source

An invented magazine reports a real kind of diagnosis. The DSM-IV is the real psychiatric manual of 1994. The drugs are real: Tofranil (imipramine), propranolol (a beta blocker), tranylcypromine (an MAOI) and fluoxetine (Prozac, an SSRI). The Sheehan scales are real anxiety tests.

In the book
of Karen’s claustrophobia, Navidson chose instead to focus strictly on the house.® Of course by the following morning, Karen has already molded her desperation into a familiar pose of indifference.
59 fn 69

derealization noun

The feeling that the world around you is not real.

In the book
The attacks are consistently characterized by (1) accelerated heart rate (2) sweating (3) trembling (4) sensation of suffocation (5) feeling of choking (6) chest pain (7) severe dizziness (8) derealization (feelings of unreality) and eventual depersonalization (being detached from oneself) (9) culmination in an intense fear of dying.
59 fn 69

depersonalization noun

The feeling of being outside your own body or self.

In the book
… attacks are consistently characterized by (1) accelerated heart rate (2) sweating (3) trembling (4) sensation of suffocation (5) feeling of choking (6) chest pain (7) severe dizziness (8) derealization (feelings of unreality) and eventual depersonalization (being detached from oneself) (9) culmination in an intense fear of dying.
59 fn 69

pharmacotherapy noun

Treatment with drugs.

In the book
Because behavioral-cognitive techniques have thus far failed to modify perspectives on anxiety-provoking stimuli, subject was considered ideal for current pharmacotherapy study .
59 fn 69

vicissitudes noun

Changes of fortune, usually for the worse.

In the book
At least the implication seems clear, vicissitudes in Karen’s life, whatever those may be, affect her sensitivity to space.
59 fn 69

Celine Berezin, “Significant (OT)Her”; David Kahn

inventedunreliable source

Invented articles on Karen’s attacks. Berezin links them to intimacy.

In the book
453) Celine Berezin, M.D.
59 fn 69

Sokol and Carter, Women Who Can’t Love

real book, reversedunreliable source

A mirror of a real book: Men Who Can’t Love (1987) by Steven Carter and Julia Sokol. Here the sex in the title is reversed and the two authors’ surnames are swapped.

In the book
Also see Steve Sokol and Julia Carter’s Women Who Can’t Love: When a Woman’s Fear Makes Her Run from Commitment and What a Smart Man Can Do About It (New Hampshire: T.
59 fn 70

“See Exhibit Six”

invented

A pointer to one of the plates (exhibits) at the back of the book.

In the book
Devans and Company, 1978). See Exhibit Six.
60

The bootleg and the film

invented

The film shows more of “The Five and a Half Minute Hallway” than the VHS copy did. In the film you can see that the hallway has shrunk from over sixty feet to less than ten.

In the book
The Five and a Half Minute Hallway in The Navidson Record differs slightly from the bootleg copy which appeared in 1990.
60

bootleg adjective

Copied or made without permission.

In the book
The Five and a Half Minute Hallway in The Navidson Record differs slightly from the bootleg copy which appeared in 1990.
60

jump cut noun

A sudden cut in film that jumps forward in time.

In the book
Their personalities almost crowd that place and suddenly too, as an abrupt jump cut redelivers Tom from Massachusetts and Billy Reston from Charlottesville, the UVA professor once again wheeling around the periphery of the angle, unable to take his eyes off the strange, dark corridor.
60

The Twilight Zone; the monolith in 2001

real

The Twilight Zone (1959–1964) was a TV series of strange short stories that often end with a clear twist. In Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), a black monolith appears and nobody can explain it. Zampanò says the hallway is like the monolith.

In the book
Unlike The Twilight Zone, however, or some other like cousin where understanding comes neat and fast (i.e.
60

injunction noun

An order that forbids something.

In the book
As Navidson threatens to reenter it for a closer inspection, Karen reiterates her previous plea and injunction with a sharp and abrupt rise in pitch.
60

standard bearer noun

The person who carries the flag; a leader of a cause.

In the book
Karen, on the other hand, remains the standard bearer of responsibility and is categorically against risks especially those which might endanger her family or her happiness.
60 fn 72

Bazine Naodook, The Bad Bodhi Wall

inventedunreliable source

An invented critic who blames a “dark force” in the walls for the couple’s fight. Zampanò calls her “tedious”. Bodhi is Sanskrit for “awakening” in Buddhism.

In the book
Without sound or movement but by presence alone, the hallway creates a serious rift in the Navidson household. Bazine Naodook suggests that the hallway exudes a “conflict creating force”: “It’s those oily walls radiating badness which maneuver Karen and Will into that nonsensical fight.”’?
60

exude verb

To give off (a smell, a feeling).

In the book
Bazine Naodook suggests that the hallway exudes a “conflict creating force”: “It’s those oily walls radiating badness which maneuver Karen and Will into that nonsensical fight.”’?
60 fn 71

Drew Bluth, “Summer’s Passage”, Architectural Digest

real magazine, invented articleunreliable source

A real design magazine, an invented article.

In the book
In the film, 71Consider Drew Bluth’s “Summer’s Passage” in Architectural Digest, v.
61

geomancy noun

Divination from marks on the ground; here, feng shui.

In the book
… make out a number of books lying around the house, including The Elements of Feng Shui by Kwok Man-Ho and Joanne O’Brien (Element Books: Shaftesbury, 1991), Feng Shui Handbook: A Practical Guide to Chinese Geomancy and Environmental Harmony by Derek Walters (Aquarian Press, 1991), Interior Design with Feng Shui by Sarah Rosbach (Rider: London, 1987) and The I Ching or Book of Changes, 3rd Edition translated by Richard Wilhelm …
61

Feng Shui books; the I Ching

real

Feng shui is the Chinese art of placing buildings and objects to bring good energy. The four books on Karen’s table are real, including the I Ching (“Book of Changes”), an ancient Chinese book of divination, in Richard Wilhelm’s famous translation. The Kua number is a feng shui number worked out from your birth year.

In the book
… (Element Books: Shaftesbury, 1991), Feng Shui Handbook: A Practical Guide to Chinese Geomancy and Environmental Harmony by Derek Walters (Aquarian Press, 1991), Interior Design with Feng Shui by Sarah Rosbach (Rider: London, 1987) and The I Ching or Book of Changes, 3rd Edition translated by Richard Wilhelm (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968).
61

galvanized adjective

Of steel: coated with zinc against rust.

In the book
Then he hangs a single door with 24-gauge hot-dipped, galvanized steel skins and an acoustical performance rating coded at ASTM E413-70TSTC 28.
61

The steel door: ASTM E413, STC 28, Schlage

real

Tom closes the hallway with a steel door. STC (Sound Transmission Class), defined by the standard ASTM E413, rates how well a wall or door blocks sound. Schlage is an American lock brand.

In the book
Then he hangs a single door with 24-gauge hot-dipped, galvanized steel skins and an acoustical performance rating coded at ASTM E413-70TSTC 28.
61

dead bolt noun

A strong lock bolt moved by a key.

In the book
Last but not least, he puts in four Schlage dead bolts and colour codes the four separate keys: red, yellow, green, and blue.
61

strike plate noun

The metal plate in a door frame that the bolt enters.

In the book
As the dead bolt glances the strike plate, the resulting click creates an unexpected and very unwelcome echo.
62

vehemently adverb

With strong feeling.

In the book
… to town as she searches for various Feng Shui objects guaranteed to change the energy of the home, while Daisy follows her father around the house as he paces from room to room, talking vehemently on the phone with Reston, trying to come up with a feasible and acceptable way to investigate the phenomenon lurking in his living room, until finally, in the middle of all this, he lifts …
62

ultimatum noun

A final demand with a threat.

In the book
Until finally the lack of physical intimacy and emotional understanding leads both of them to make privately voiced ultimatums.
62 fn 73

Lewis Marsano, “Tom’s 1865 Shelter”, This Old House

real magazine, invented articleunreliable source

This Old House is a real home-repair magazine and TV show; the article is invented. The footnote hangs on Tom’s doll house for Daisy.

In the book
73See Lewis Marsano’s “Tom’s 1865 Shelter” in This Old House, September/October 1995, p.
62 fn

Books on the shelf: Jong, Hooper, Allen, X.Y.

mostly real

Erica Jong’s novel Fear of Flying (1973) and the sex guides by Anne Hooper and Chris Allen are real. Broken Daisy-Chains by “X.Y.” seems invented.

In the book
“Nor does it seem to help that Navidson and Karen both have among their books Erica Jong’s Fear of Flying (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1973), Anne Hooper’s The Ultimate Sex Book : A Therapist’s Guide to the Programs and Techniques That Will Enhance Your Relationship and Transform Your Life …
62

sidle verb

To move slowly and quietly sideways towards someone.

63

tipsy adjective

A little drunk.

In the book
Everyone is pretty tipsy and the general mood is so friendly and easy it seems impossible to disturb.
63

Exploration A; MagLite; Nikon

real

The title card of Navidson’s first walk into the hallway, at 3:19 a.m. A MagLite is a strong metal flashlight.

In the book
A title card reads: Exploration A The time stamp on Navidson’s camcorder indicates that it is exactly 3:19 A.M.
63

impetuous adjective

Acting fast without thinking.

In the book
“Call me impetuous or just curious,” we hear him mutter as he shoves his sore feet into a pair of boots.“ But a little look around isn’t going to hurt.”
63

bassinet noun

A basket-like bed for a baby (spelled “basinet” in the book).

63 fn 74

The famous dinner guests (blanks)

inventedunreliable source

Two famous friends visit, but their names are blank lines. Johnny says Zampanò left the blanks and never filled them in.

64

skitter verb

To move lightly and quickly.

In the book
Flashlight and camera skitter across ceiling and floor in loose harmony, stabbing into small rooms, alcoves, or spaces reminiscent of closets, though no shirts hang there.
64

converge verb

To meet at one point.

In the book
Still, no matter how far Navidson proceeds down this particular passageway, his light never comes close to touching the punctuation point promised by the converging perspective lines, sliding on and on and on, spawning one space after another, a constant stream of corners and walls, all of them unreadable and perfectly smooth.
64 fn 75

Liza Speen, Brassaï, Andrew Bush, O. Winston Link, Karekin Goekjian

mostly real

The first names in a huge list of photographers of darkness and night. Brassaï photographed Paris at night (Paris de nuit, 1932). O. Winston Link made famous night photos of steam trains with huge flash set-ups. Andrew Bush photographed the rooms of an Irish house, Bonnettstown. Liza Speen and her Images Of Dark seem invented.

In the book
There is also the courage to face and shape the subject in an extremely original manner.75 75§ee Liza Speen’s Images Of Dark; Brassai’s Paris By Night; the tenderly encountered history of rooms in Andrew Bush’s Bonnettstown; work of O.
64–67 fn 75

The list of photographers

realunreliable source

Nearly all the names are real photographers: Cartier-Bresson, Diane Arbus, Weegee, Ansel Adams, Dorothea Lange, Mathew Brady, Alexander Gardner, Joel-Peter Witkin and hundreds more. Some groups stand out: surf photographers, and a long run of war photographers of the wars in Indochina, many of whom died there (Robert Capa in 1954, Larry Burrows, Henri Huet, Kyoichi Sawada, Sean Flynn, Dana Stone). Huynh Cong “Nick” Ut took the 1972 photo of a girl burned by napalm.

In the book
With the possible exception of Brassai, Speen, Bush and Link, Zampano was not very familiar with photographers.
67

invariant adjective

Never changing.

In the book
In fact his creep into that place resembles the eerie faith required for any deep sea exploration, the beam of his flashlight scratching at nothing but the invariant blackness.
67

fissure noun

A long narrow crack.

In the book
Perhaps it will open up into some deep fissure.
67 fn 76

Alison Adrian Burns: the list was “entirely random”

inventedunreliable source

Another reader tells Johnny that she and Zampanò picked the names at random from books and magazines, except Brassaï, Speen, Bush and Link. She says the list was never written down.

In the book
… Adams, Charles Hoff, Larry Burrows, and Don McCullin (“American soldiers tending wounded child in a cellar of a house by candlelight, 1968"), 76 7Alison Adrian Burns, another Zampand reader, told me this list was entirely random.
67–68

Navigating by echo; the penny

inventedecho

Lost in the dark, Navidson shouts words and chooses the direction whose echo comes back fastest. He puts down a penny as a marker, but the penny and the doorways move. A growl sounds three times.

In the book
When a minute passes and he has still failed to find the entrance, he returns to the penny.
68

frayed adjective

Worn at the edges; of nerves: tense.

In the book
Catching his breath and doing his best to calm his frayed nerves, he tries to come up with a better plan.
68

Khumbu Icefall

real

A dangerous glacier icefall at the base of Mount Everest, on the climbing route from Nepal. Its seracs (towers of ice) and crevasses shift day and night.

In the book
Similar to the Khumbu Icefall at the base of Mount Everest where blue seracs and chasms change unexpectedly throughout the day and night, Navidson is the first one to discover how that place also seems to constantly change.

Footnote 77 starts from the phrase “nothing visible to the eye provides a reason” and becomes Johnny’s second attack, this time in the shop’s dark storeroom.

68

serac noun

A tall block of ice on a glacier.

In the book
Similar to the Khumbu Icefall at the base of Mount Everest where blue seracs and chasms change unexpectedly throughout the day and night, Navidson is the first one to discover how that place also seems to constantly change.
69 fn 77

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle

real

The real name of Mata Hari (1876–1917), a Dutch exotic dancer famous for a dance of veils. The French shot her as a German spy in 1917.

In the book
She was doing this crazy Margaretha Geertruida Zelle dance, veil after colored veil thrown aside, though oddly enough never landing, rather flying around her as if she were in the middle of some kind of gentle twister, these sheer sheets of fabric …
69 fn 77

wake & bake slang

Smoking cannabis just after waking up.

In the book
Wake & Bake.
69 fn 77

Vista; Sunset; “tomorrow’s just another day away”

real

Vista Street runs into Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. The line echoes the song “Tomorrow” from the musical Annie (1977): “you’re only a day away”.

In the book
On Vista.
69 fn 77

diaphanous adjective

So thin you can see through it.

In the book
I want to find out if she’s really wearing any of that diaphanous rainbow fabric I was dreaming about.
69–70 fn 77

Points, sharps, the Autoclave

real

Tattoo needles: several needles soldered together make a “point” for shading. An autoclave sterilizes tools with hot steam under pressure.

In the book
He will talk, he will ruin everything, except it suddenly penetrates that chalky material he actually insists on calling his brain, that I'm building his precious points, and sure enough this insight prohibits his trap from opening and he leaves me alone.
70 fn 77

autoclave noun

A steam machine that sterilizes tools.

In the book
… and only then, if I’m satisfied, which I usually am—though take heed “usually” does not always mean “always”—will I scrub the shafts and put them aside to be sterilized later in the ultrasound or Autoclave.
70 fn 77

moither verb

Dialect: to ramble, to be confused.

In the book
He calls me all the time on my tardiness, my tendency to drift & moither and of course the odds that I’'1ll ever get to tattoo anything—“Johnny, nothing you do, (shaking his head) no one’s ever gonna wanna make permanent, unless they’re crazy, and let me tell you something …
70 fn 77

laceration noun

A deep cut or tear in the skin.

In the book
The laceration isn’t deep but important stuff has been struck, leaking over the table and floor.
70 fn 77

prelude noun

An introduction; what comes before the main event.

In the book
Then as if this were nothing but a grim prelude, shit really starts to happen.
71 fn 77

rank adjective

Smelling very bad.

In the book
The air’s rank with stench.
71 fn 77

shrapnel noun

Pieces of metal from an exploding shell.

In the book
Words filling my head. fFragmenting like artillery shells. Shrapnel, like syllables, flying everywhere.
71 fn 77

Maldon

real

“The Battle of Maldon” is an Old English poem about a battle against Viking raiders in AD 991. It opens with a young man who lets his hawk fly away before the fight. Johnny’s broken phrases (“embattled”, “like a hawk”) point at the poem.

In the book
Another Maldon or no Maldon at all, on snowy days, or not snowy at all, far beyond the edge of any reasonable awareness.
71 fn 77

bedlam noun

Wild noise and confusion (from an old London madhouse).

In the book
None of this can truly approach the reality of that fear, there in the midst of all that bedlam, like the sound of a heart or some other unholy blast, desperate & dying, slamming, no banging into the thin wall of my inner ear, paper thin in fact, attempting to shatter inside what …
72 fn 77

asphyxiation noun

Death or loss of consciousness from lack of air.

In the book
And it’s true, I’m possessed by the premonition of what will be, what has to be, my inevitable asphyxiation.
72 fn 77

douse verb

To pour liquid over.

In the book
What they can’t see though is the omen seen in a fall, my fall, as I’m doused in black ink, my hands now completely covered, and see the floor is black, and—have you anticipated this or should I be more explicit?—jet on jet; for a blinding instant I have watched my …
72 fn 77

jet noun

A deep glossy black (from the black stone called jet).

In the book
… the omen seen in a fall, my fall, as I’m doused in black ink, my hands now completely covered, and see the floor is black, and—have you anticipated this or should I be more explicit?—jet on jet; for a blinding instant I have watched my hand vanish, in fact all of me has vanished, one hell of a disappearing act too, the already foreseen dissolution of the self, lost …
72 fn 77

dissolution noun

The breaking up or ending of something.

In the book
… should I be more explicit?—jet on jet; for a blinding instant I have watched my hand vanish, in fact all of me has vanished, one hell of a disappearing act too, the already foreseen dissolution of the self, lost without contrast, slipping into oblivion, until mid-gasp I catch sight of my reflection in the back of the tray, the ghost in the way: seems I’m not gone, not quite.
72 fn 77

“In the spirit of the staircase”

real

The French phrase l’esprit de l’escalier: the clever answer you think of too late, on the stairs as you leave. Johnny thinks of it after his fall down the storeroom stairs.

In the book
Now though, I realize what I should of said—in the spirit of the dark; in the spirit of the staircase — “Known some call is air am.”
72 fn 77

“Known some call is air am”

real

The sounds of the Latin non sum qualis eram, “I am not what I used to be”, from Horace, Odes IV.1. The line is also the title of a well-known poem by Ernest Dowson (1894). Johnny translates it himself.

In the book
Now though, I realize what I should of said—in the spirit of the dark; in the spirit of the staircase — “Known some call is air am.”
72 fn 78

The Editors point to the appendix

invented

The Editors say that readers who want to understand Johnny’s past may read documents in the appendix now: his father’s obituary and letters from his mother. You may choose to wait.

In the book
Those, however, who feel they would profit from a better understanding of his past may wish to proceed ahead and read _ his father's obituary in Appendix II-D as well as those letters written by his institutionalized mother in Appendix II-E.
72 fn 77

non sum qualis eram Latin

“I am not what I used to be.”

73

gamut noun

The whole range.

In the book
And as they later confide in separate video entries, that night, for the first time in weeks, they made love again, their descriptions running the gamut of anything from “ gentle” and “comforting” to “familiar” and “very satisfying.”
73

Larry King

real

An American TV and radio host famous for his interview show on CNN (1985–2010).

In the book
He promises to turn over the initial investigation to Billy Reston: “Then we’ll call The New York Times, Larry King, whoever, and we’ll move.
73

“Always” and “hallways”

inventedecho

Daisy wants to play “Always”. Zampanò notes that the word sounds like “hallways”, and echoes it.

In the book
“I don’t know,” she shrugs. “Always.”
73

neologism noun

A new word.

In the book
… by Exploration A, no one has ever commented on the game Daisy wants to play with her father, perhaps because everyone assumes it is either a request “to play always” or just a childish neologism.
The summary of this chapter then shows on the contents page.
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