A reader's companion

House of Leaves

Mark Z. Danielewski, 2000 — Chapter III

Chapter III (pp. 19–23) — no spoilers past page 23
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I. Chapter III

Why Navidson? His childhood and his need for photography.

19

lion tamer noun

A circus performer who trains lions.

In the book
iil It is no accident that the photographer becomes a photographer any more than the lion tamer becomes a lion tamer.
19

Dorothea Lange (epigraph)

real

Dorothea Lange (1895–1965) was an American documentary photographer. Her photo “Migrant Mother” (1936) is the best-known image of the Great Depression. Her line says that a photographer is made by his or her life, not by chance.

In the book
iil It is no accident that the photographer becomes a photographer any more than the lion tamer becomes a lion tamer. — Dorothea Lange myTe ae Woe 12 yD ody by AY WR OED ONT!
19

Exodus 3:11 (Hebrew epigraph)

real

A verse from the Hebrew Bible, printed in Hebrew. The Editors translate it in footnote 24: Moses asks God, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh and free the Israelites from Egypt?” Moses feels unfit for the task God gives him. The chapter asks the same question about Navidson.

In the book
NTN’ NTR 13 — Exodus 3, 11%4 Why Navidson?
19

“The great Florentine”: Dante, Inferno II, 31–32

real

Dante Alighieri was born in Florence. At the start of his journey he asks why he should go into the other world: “I am not Aeneas; I am not Paul.” Johnny’s footnote gives Sinclair’s translation again.

In the book
When the great Florentine howls, “Ma io perché venirvi?
19

howl verb

To cry out loudly, in pain or distress.

In the book
When the great Florentine howls, “Ma io perché venirvi?
19

Ma io perché venirvi? o chi ’l concede? / Io non Enëa, io non Paulo sono Italian

Dante: “But I, why should I go there, and who grants it? I am not Aeneas, I am not Paul.”

In the book
When the great Florentine howls, “Ma io perché venirvi? o chi ‘I concede?/ Io non Enéa, io non Paulo sono,”?5 Homer’s rival calls him a *4"But Moses said to God, ‘Who am 1 that I should go to Pharaoh and free the Israelites from Egypt?’
19

“Homer’s rival”: Virgil

real

Virgil (70–19 BC), the Roman poet of the Aeneid, which was written to rival Homer’s epics. In the Inferno Virgil is Dante’s guide. He tells Dante that his soul is hurt by cowardice and that three women in heaven sent help for him.

In the book
When the great Florentine howls, “Ma io perché venirvi? o chi ‘I concede?/ Io non Enéa, io non Paulo sono,”?5 Homer’s rival calls him a *4"But Moses said to God, ‘Who am 1 that I should go to Pharaoh and free the Israelites from Egypt?’

Johnny’s footnote 25 takes Dante’s question for himself: why did the papers come to him? His answer turns into a portrait of Lude and of the stories Johnny tells about himself.

19 fn 25

Aeneas and Paul

real

Two figures who went to the other world while alive. In Virgil’s Aeneid, Book VI, the Trojan hero Aeneas visits the underworld. In 2 Corinthians 12, the apostle Paul says he was taken up into heaven. Dante feels he is neither of them.

In the book
I am not Aeneas; I am not Paul.”
19 fn 25

Lude

invented

Johnny’s friend, a hair stylist who knows every bar and club in Hollywood. The joke about “sublime” plays on lime, which you suck after a shot of tequila.

In the book
The simple answer I know: Lude woke me up at three in the morning to check out some dead guy’s stuff.
19 fn 25

sublime adjective

So great or beautiful that it fills you with awe. Johnny jokes that Lude thinks it is “sub-lime”.

In the book
He's the kind of guy who thinks sublime is something you choke on after a shot of tequila.
19 fn 25

gatekeeper noun

A person who decides who may come in, like a club doorman.

In the book
Lude knows every bar, club and gatekeeper at every bar and club.
19 fn 25

mother’s milk idiom

Something that you know or love from birth.

In the book
Hollywood has always been mother's milk to Lude.
19 fn 25

thrive verb

To do very well, to grow strong.

In the book
We both thrive in the late hours, 19
19

Mi anokhi ki elekh el Par‘oh Hebrew

Exodus 3:11: “Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh?”

20 fn 25

props slang

Praise, respect (“to throw someone props”).

In the book
Of course publicly, Lude likes to throw me plenty of props, invariably focusing on the disjointed life I’ve led.
20 fn 25

disjointed adjective

Broken into parts that do not connect.

In the book
Of course publicly, Lude likes to throw me plenty of props, invariably focusing on the disjointed life I’ve led.
20 fn 25

riff noun

A long improvised talk on a theme (from music).

In the book
(I already got into that a little with the whole riff on boxing and Birds of Paradise and some guy named Punching Bag.)
20 fn 25

The scars and the martial arts cult

inventedunreliable source

Johnny has real scars from his wrists to his elbows. He tells women invented stories about them, such as a cult in Idaho and a hot wok. He says the stories help people look away, and maybe help him look away too.

In the book
I actually have a whole bunch, Take the scars for instance.
20 fn 25

stint noun

A period of time spent doing a job.

In the book
The most popular is my two year stint in a Japanese Martial Arts Cult, made up entirely of Koreans living in Idaho, who on the last day of my initiation into their now-defunct brotherhood made me pick up a scalding metal wok …
20 fn 25

initiation noun

A ceremony to accept a new member into a group.

In the book
The most popular is my two year stint in a Japanese Martial Arts Cult, made up entirely of Koreans living in Idaho, who on the last day of my initiation into their now-defunct brotherhood made me pick up a scalding metal wok using only my bare forearms.
20 fn 25

defunct adjective

No longer existing or working.

In the book
The most popular is my two year stint in a Japanese Martial Arts Cult, made up entirely of Koreans living in Idaho, who on the last day of my initiation into their now-defunct brotherhood made me pick up a scalding metal wok using only my bare forearms.
20 fn 25

scalding adjective

Hot enough to burn skin.

In the book
… two year stint in a Japanese Martial Arts Cult, made up entirely of Koreans living in Idaho, who on the last day of my initiation into their now-defunct brotherhood made me pick up a scalding metal wok using only my bare forearms.
20 fn 25

wok noun

A deep round Chinese frying pan.

In the book
… stint in a Japanese Martial Arts Cult, made up entirely of Koreans living in Idaho, who on the last day of my initiation into their now-defunct brotherhood made me pick up a scalding metal wok using only my bare forearms.
20 fn 25

kiln noun

A very hot oven for baking pottery or bricks.

In the book
In the past the wok has been heated in a kiln; recently it's been full of red hot coals.
20 fn 25

crock of shit slang

Complete nonsense; a lie.

In the book
The story’s an absolute crock of shit, or should I say a wok of shit—sorry; I know, I know I should learn to crawl before I walk; sorry again; I mean for not being sorry the first time or for that …
20 fn 25

learn to crawl before you walk idiom

Master simple things before you try hard ones. Johnny uses it about his bad pun.

In the book
The story’s an absolute crock of shit, or should I say a wok of shit—sorry; I know, I know I should learn to crawl before I walk; sorry again; I mean for not being sorry the first time or for that matter the second time—but, you see, it's so hard to argue with all those whirls of melted flesh.
20 fn 25

offhand adjective

Casual, as if without thought.

In the book
“Show them your arms, Johnny” Lude will say, in his most offhand over-the-top manner.
20 fn 25

bull slang

Short for “bullshit”: nonsense, lies.

In the book
I’m sure most women know it’s bull but hey, they’re entertained.
20 fn 25

jobber slang

A thing, an item (“one of those old jobbers”).

In the book
Three months since I dragged away a black, unremarkable, paint spattered trunk, which as I quickly found out was one of those old cedar lined jobbers, built in Utica, NY, special thanks to the C.
20 fn 25

latch noun

A simple metal fastener on a door or box.

In the book
Clapp Company, complete with rusted latches, rotting leather handles and a lifetime of digressions and disappointments.
20 fn 25

digression noun

A part of a text that moves away from the main subject.

In the book
Clapp Company, complete with rusted latches, rotting leather handles and a lifetime of digressions and disappointments.
20 fn 25

Two hundred rejection letters

invented

Johnny finds that Zampanò sent his work to journals, publishers and professors many times, and nobody wanted it.

In the book
To date, I’ve counted over two hundred rejection letters from various literary journals, publishing houses, even a few words of discouragement from prominent professors in east coast universities.
20 fn 25

The trunk; C. M. Clapp Company, Utica, NY

real city, detail unverified

Zampanò’s papers came in an old cedar-lined trunk. Utica is a real city in New York State. The maker’s name on the trunk is a small detail that Johnny records with care.

In the book
I just glanced over at the trunk.
21

“Hell’s cartographer”; “amaurotic guide”

real

Dante again: he maps hell in the Inferno. Dante had Virgil as a guide, and his journey had heaven’s support. Zampanò says Navidson gets no answer and no guide. “Amaurotic” means blind.

In the book
For hell’s cartographer, the answer is mildly satisfying.
21

cartographer noun

A person who makes maps.

In the book
For hell’s cartographer, the answer is mildly satisfying.
21

resounding adjective

Loud and echoing; also very clear.

In the book
The house responds with resounding silence.
21

amaurotic adjective

Blind, from amaurosis, loss of sight without a visible cause.

In the book
Not even an amaurotic guide.
21

manifestation noun

A visible form or sign of something.

In the book
Some have suggested that the horrors Navidson encountered in that house were merely manifestations of his own troubled psyche.
21

psyche noun

The human mind or soul.

In the book
Some have suggested that the horrors Navidson encountered in that house were merely manifestations of his own troubled psyche.
21 fn 26

Dr. Iben Van Pollit, The Incident, Adlai Publishing

inventedunreliable source

An invented critic who says the house is a physical form of Navidson’s pain. Zampanò praises his research and then says “almost everything he concludes is wrong”. The line “a little bit of house cleaning” is an example of the puns Zampanò complains about.

In the book
Some have suggested that the horrors Navidson encountered in that house were merely manifestations of his own troubled psyche. Dr. Iben Van Pollit in his book The Incident claims the entire house is a physical incarnation of Navidson’s psychological pain: “I often wonder how things might have turned out if Will Navidson had, how shall we say, …
21

incarnation noun

A thing that gives a body or physical form to an idea.

In the book
Iben Van Pollit in his book The Incident claims the entire house is a physical incarnation of Navidson’s psychological pain: “I often wonder how things might have turned out if Will Navidson had, how shall we say, done a little bit of house cleaning.”’26 While Pollit is not alone in …
21

conjure up verb

To make something appear, as if by magic.

In the book
… had, how shall we say, done a little bit of house cleaning.”’26 While Pollit is not alone in asserting that Navidson’s psychology profoundly influenced the nature of those rooms and hallways, few believe it conjured up that place.
21

peril noun

Serious danger.

In the book
The reason is simple: Navidson was not the first to live in the house and encounter its peril.
21

Alicia Rosenbaum; the house built in 1720

invented

The Navidsons’ real-estate agent. She later tells that the house has had many owners, about .37 a year, most of them hurt in some way.

In the book
As the Navidsons’ real estate agent Alicia Rosenbaum eventually revealed, the house on Ash Tree Lane has had more than a few occupants, approximately .37 owners every year, most of whom were traumatized in some way.
21

zest noun

Great enjoyment and energy.

In the book
It is no great coincidence then that eventually someone with a camera and a zest for the dangerous would show up at this Mead Hall and confront What can I say, I’m a sucker for abandoned stuff, misplaced stuff, forgotten stuff, any old stuff which despite the light of …
21

Mead Hall

real

In the Old English poem Beowulf, Heorot is the great mead hall of King Hrothgar. The monster Grendel attacks it every night until the hero Beowulf comes to face him. Zampanò compares the house to Heorot and Navidson to the man who confronts the terror.

In the book
It is no great coincidence then that eventually someone with a camera and a zest for the dangerous would show up at this Mead Hall and confront What can I say, I’m a sucker for abandoned stuff, misplaced stuff, forgotten stuff, any old stuff which despite the light of progress and all that, still vanishes every day like shadows …
21

mead hall noun

A large hall where an old Germanic king and his warriors ate and drank mead (honey wine).

In the book
It is no great coincidence then that eventually someone with a camera and a zest for the dangerous would show up at this Mead Hall and confront What can I say, I’m a sucker for abandoned stuff, misplaced stuff, forgotten stuff, any old stuff which despite the light of progress and all that, still vanishes every day like shadows …
21 fn 25

sucker for slang

A person who cannot resist something.

In the book
It is no great coincidence then that eventually someone with a camera and a zest for the dangerous would show up at this Mead Hall and confront What can I say, I’m a sucker for abandoned stuff, misplaced stuff, forgotten stuff, any old stuff which despite the light of progress and all that, still vanishes every day like shadows at noon, goings unheralded, passings unmourned, well, you get the …
21 fn 25

unheralded adjective

Not announced; not noticed.

In the book
… can I say, I’m a sucker for abandoned stuff, misplaced stuff, forgotten stuff, any old stuff which despite the light of progress and all that, still vanishes every day like shadows at noon, goings unheralded, passings unmourned, well, you get the drift.
21 fn 25

get the drift idiom

To understand the general meaning.

In the book
… sucker for abandoned stuff, misplaced stuff, forgotten stuff, any old stuff which despite the light of progress and all that, still vanishes every day like shadows at noon, goings unheralded, passings unmourned, well, you get the drift.
21 fn 25

Counselor For Disaffected Youth; Johnny’s parents

invented

Johnny says his father died when he was ten and that his “crazy Shakespearean mother” died almost nine years later. He refuses to tell more here.

In the book
As a counselor once told me—a Counselor For Disaffected Youth, I might add: “You like that crap because it reminds you of you.”
21 fn 25

disaffected adjective

Unhappy and no longer loyal; alienated.

In the book
As a counselor once told me—a Counselor For Disaffected Youth, I might add: “You like that crap because it reminds you of you.”
21 fn 25

dead on slang

Exactly right.

In the book
Seems pretty dead on and probably has everything to do with the fact that when I was ten my father died and almost nine years later my crazy Shakespearean mother followed him, a story I’ve already lived and …
21 fn 25

appall verb

To shock and disgust.

In the book
The first time I saw it, I mean when I discovered what was inside, it appalled me.
21 fn 26

proclivity noun

A natural tendency to do something.

In the book
26Regrettably, Pollit’s proclivity to pun and write jokes frequently detracts from his otherwise lucid analysis.
21 fn 26

exemplary adjective

So good that others should copy it.

In the book
108, is a remarkable example of brilliant scholarship and exemplary synthesis of research and thought.
21 fn 26

synthesis noun

The combination of parts into one whole.

In the book
108, is a remarkable example of brilliant scholarship and exemplary synthesis of research and thought.
22

bleak adjective

Cold, sad and without hope.

In the book
Navidson’s childhood was fairly bleak.
22

St. Louis; “bring down the house”

real

St. Louis is a city in Missouri. “Bring down the house” is an actor’s idiom: to get huge applause. The phrase, from Navidson’s mother, takes a second meaning in a book about a house.

In the book
His father was a St. Louis salesman who worked for a string of large electronics corporations, shuttling his family around the mid-west every two or three years.
22

shuttle verb

To move back and forth between places.

In the book
Louis salesman who worked for a string of large electronics corporations, shuttling his family around the mid-west every two or three years.
22

prone adjective

Likely to do or suffer something.

In the book
He was also an alcoholic and prone toward violent outbursts or disappearing for long periods of time.?’
22

congestive heart failure noun

A disease in which the heart cannot pump enough blood and fluid collects in the body.

In the book
Navidson’s father died of congestive heart failure but his mother just vanished.
22

narcissism noun

Too much love of and interest in oneself.

In the book
Neither Will nor his twin brother Tom ever heard from her again.?8 Because the enormous narcissism of their parents deprived Will and Tom of suitable role models, both brothers learned to identify with absence.
22

fortuitously adverb

By lucky chance.

In the book
Consequently, even if something beneficial fortuitously entered their lives they immediately treated it as temporary.
22

enamored adjective

In love with; very fond of.

In the book
Unfortunately, ““accustomed to” here is really synonymous with “damaged by.”29 Perhaps one reason Navidson became so enamored with photography was the way it gave permanence to moments that were often so fleeting.
22

fleeting adjective

Lasting a very short time.

In the book
Unfortunately, ““accustomed to” here is really synonymous with “damaged by.”29 Perhaps one reason Navidson became so enamored with photography was the way it gave permanence to moments that were often so fleeting.
22 fn 27

thermos noun

A bottle that keeps drinks hot or cold.

In the book
27Michelle Nadine Goetz recalls how on one occasion Navidson’s father climbed onto the hood of the family’s recently purchased car, used a thermos to crack up the windshield, then marched back into the kitchen, picked up a pan full of sizzling pork chops and threw it against the wall.
22 fn 27

Goetz in The Denver Post; Borowska in The St. Louis Post-Dispatch

real papers, invented interviewsunreliable source

Real American newspapers, invented interviews. The two witnesses describe the violent and absent father, Tony Navidson.

In the book
Louis Post-Dispatch, September 27, 1992, D-3, column one.)
22 fn 28

Interviews with Adam Zobol, Anthony Freed, Anastasia Cullman

inventedunreliable source

Invented sources for the story of the mother who vanished.

In the book
8A selection of personal interviews with Adam Zobol, Anthony Freed and Anastasia Cullman.
22 fn 29

Rita Mistopolis, Black Heart, Blue Heart, Brigham Young University Press

real press, invented bookunreliable source

An invented doctor and book in a real university press. The quoted passage compares emotional deprivation in children with starvation: severe damage stays for life.

In the book
29Rita Mistopolis M.D., in her book Black Heart, Blue Heart (Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1984), p.
22 fn 29

deprivation noun

The lack of something you need.

In the book
245, describes the seriousness of emotional deprivation: It is not difficult to understand how children who have suffered from malnutrition or starvation need food and plenty of care if their bodies are to recover so they can go on to lead …
22 fn 29

impairment noun

Damage that stops a part of the body or mind from working fully.

In the book
If, however, the starvation is severe enough, the damage will be permanent and they will suffer physical impairments for the rest of their lives.
22 fn 29

nurturing noun

Care and support that helps a child grow.

In the book
Likewise, children who are deprived of emotional nurturing require care and love if their sense of security and self-confidence is to be restored.
23

bestow verb

To give, as a gift or honor.

In the book
… become increasingly more successful, he was ultimately misled in feeling that his labor could make up for the love he was deprived of as a child and the ultimate sense of security such love bestows.
23

innocuous adjective

Harmless; not likely to offend.

In the book
A pretty innocuous and laconic rumination and yet it contains one particularly nettlesome word.
23

laconic adjective

Using very few words.

In the book
A pretty innocuous and laconic rumination and yet it contains one particularly nettlesome word.
23

rumination noun

Deep, slow thinking about something.

In the book
A pretty innocuous and laconic rumination and yet it contains one particularly nettlesome word.
23

nettlesome adjective

Causing annoyance or difficulty.

In the book
A pretty innocuous and laconic rumination and yet it contains one particularly nettlesome word.
23

transience noun

The quality of lasting only a short time.

In the book
More than just snapping a few pictures and recording daily events with a few Hi 8s, Navidson wanted to use images to create an outpost set against the transience of the world.
23

preadamite adjective

From before Adam; extremely old.

In the book
Considering the practically preadamite history of the house, it was inevitable someone like Navidson would eventually enter those rooms.
23 fn 30

Keillor Ross, “Legal Zoning”, Atlantic Monthly

real magazine, invented articleunreliable source

The Atlantic is a real American magazine; the article is invented. Ross thinks Navidson’s word “outpost” is a joke; Zampanò disagrees.

In the book
Keillor Ross in his article “Legal Zoning” for Atlantic Monthly, v.
23 fn 30

confines noun

Limits, borders of a place.

In the book
43, does not wish to discount the possibility of irony: “After all Navidson has just moved from the extremely populated confines of New York City and is now only poking fun at the relative wilderness of this suburb.”
23 fn 30

jest noun

A joke.

In the book
Ross makes a good point, except for the fact that Navidson is a man who understands the meaning of outpost and his tone seems too straight forward to imply any kind of jest.
23 fn 31

“The Matter Of Why”, LA Weekly

real paper, invented articleunreliable source

LA Weekly is a real free weekly paper in Los Angeles. Zampanò says this chapter first came out there in 1994. No such article exists.

In the book
This chapter first appeared as “The Matter Of Why” in LA Weekly, May 19, 1994.
Theme: outpost Johnny used the word for soldiers who wait for night in the Introduction. Navidson uses it for his new house. Zampanò reads it in the military sense: a safe place set against hostile forces outside.
The summary of this chapter then shows on the contents page.
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