A reader's companion

House of Leaves

Mark Z. Danielewski, 2000 — Chapter XX

Chapter XX (pp. 423–490) — no spoilers past page 490
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I. The Descent (pp. 423–436)

The card names it Exploration #5. Navidson packs, rides in on a bicycle, and finds the corridor always slopes downward. The text spreads and thins across the pages to follow him.

423

“No one should brave the underworld alone.” — Poe (epigraph)

reallabyrinth

The epigraph is credited to “Poe”. In this book that is the American singer Poe (Annie Decatur Danielewski), the author's sister, whose 2000 album Haunted answers and echoes House of Leaves. It is not the writer Edgar Allan Poe.

The line prepares the chapter: Navidson enters the “underworld” of the house alone.

In the book
XX No one should brave the underworld alone.
423

brave (verb) verb

Face and endure something dangerous.

In the book
XX No one should brave the underworld alone.
423

sentient adjective

Able to feel or sense things.

In the book
Even to the keenest eye or most sentient fingertip, they remain unreadable.
423

obliterate verb

Destroy completely, leaving no trace.

In the book
The walls obliterate everything.
423

absolved adjective

Freed from blame or from a record; here, kept clear of all marks.

In the book
They are permanently absolved of all record.
423

oblique adjective

Slanting; not direct or clear.

In the book
They are permanently absolved of all record. Oblique, forever obscure and unwritten.
423

The Editors' wall passage: “the perfect pantheon of absence”

inventedlabyrinth

A boxed, hard-to-read passage the Editors call illegible. It describes the walls of the house as bare, textureless and unmarkable: they keep no record and obliterate everything.

It sets the mood of a place that gives back nothing.

In the book
Behold the perfect pantheon of absence.”
423

pantheon noun

A grand temple or hall for all the gods; here used for a hall of pure absence.

In the book
Behold the perfect pantheon of absence.”
424

Exploration #5 kit: Bolex H16, Kern-Paillard lenses, Hi 8, Nikon, Kodak 7298

real equipment

Real film gear. The Bolex H16 is a Swiss hand-crank 16mm camera; Kern-Paillard made its lenses; Kodak 7298 is a fast colour film stock. Navidson also carries a mountain bike with a trailer, a wheel generator for his lamp, and one book.

The thermal camera he wanted fell through, so he films the dark with ordinary light.

In the book
For recording the adventure, Navidson brought with him a 1962 H16 hand crank Bolex 16mm camera along with 16mm, 25mm, 75mm Kern-Paillard lenses and a Bogen tripod.
424

carbide lamp noun (caving)

A lamp that burns a gas made from calcium carbide and water; used by cavers and miners.

In the book
… two weeks, 2 five-gallon containers of water, chemical heat packs, flares, high intensity as well as regular intensity lightsticks, plenty of neon markers, fishing line, three flashlights, one small pumper light, extra batteries, a carbide lamp, matches, toothbrush, stove, change of clothes, an extra sweater, extra socks, toilet paper, a small medical kit, and one book.
424

Odometer; the corridor that only goes downhill

reallabyrinth

An odometer measures distance travelled. Navidson notices the hallway grows easier to ride: it seems to tilt downward whichever way he turns. In eight hours he coasts 163 miles.

Whichever direction he faces, he rolls down. The house has stopped obeying normal space.

In the book
For light, he mounted a lamp on the bike’s handlebars powered by a rechargeable battery connected to a small optional rear-wheel generator, He also installed an odometer.
424

odometer noun

A device that measures the distance a vehicle has travelled.

In the book
For light, he mounted a lamp on the bike’s handlebars powered by a rechargeable battery connected to a small optional rear-wheel generator, He also installed an odometer.
426–436

The shifting corridor; the growl; the void

inventedlabyrinthecho

Over days the corridor changes size: the ceiling drops to graze his head, then lifts out of sight; the walls widen into a vast plateau, then return, each shift marked by the now familiar growl.

Riding fast in the dark, Navidson fears an edge. He reaches it: a sheer brink over an enormous void, and he slides to a stop with a torn leg.

In the book
Nor does this endless corridor he travels remain the same size.
431

plateau noun

A large flat area of high ground.

In the book
Sometimes the hallway widens. until at one point Navidson swears he is moving down some enormous plateau: “An infinitely large billiard table or the smooth face of some incredible mountain,” he tells us hours later while preparing a modest meal.
431

traverse noun

A sideways route across a slope or rock face.

In the book
“One time I stopped and set out to the right on what I thought would be a traverse.
432

inimitable adjective

So special it cannot be copied.

In the book
And then the walls reappear, along with the ceiling and numerous doorways; the shifts always accompanied by that inimitable, and by now very familiar, growl.
432

precariously adverb

In an unsafe way; close to danger or failure.

In the book
As the days pass, Navidson becomes more and more aware that he is running precariously low on water and food.
432

compounded verb

Made worse by adding to it.

In the book
Even worse, the sense of inevitable doom this causes him is compounded by the sense of immediate doom he feels whenever he begins riding his bike: “I can’t help thinking I’m going to reach an edge to this thing.
432

recede verb

Move back or away into the distance.

In the book
… On the twelfth or thirteenth day (Mt mates must have been idson es j leeping for what Navi ‘oe Which oT Ors he again sets off down the hallway Soon the walls and doorways recede and va n i s h, then sight of the out ceiling completely is out lifts too completely it is of too until sight 432
433

timed exposure noun (photography)

A photograph taken with the shutter held open for a set time to gather more light.

In the book
After the third time, he turns around and relying on a timed exposure photographs the twelve flares.
434

trance noun

A dazed state, half asleep, cut off from the surroundings.

In the book
He just continues to ride, lost in a trance born out of motion describing the ash floor in front of him before it is already behind him, until all of a sudden, although “As if all along, during the last week, I had …
434 fn 424

Jon Krakauer, “Into Thin Air”, Outside; the 1996 Everest disaster

real

Jon Krakauer is an American writer. His article “Into Thin Air” in Outside magazine (September 1996) reported the May 1996 Mount Everest disaster in which eleven climbers died in a storm.

The footnote quotes the guide Neal Beidleman, who in a blizzard sensed a huge void beyond the edge. Zampanò compares that dread with what Navidson feels at the brink.

In the book
See Jon Kr akauer $ “Into Thin Air 435

II. The House Rotates (pp. 437–461)

By the brink stands a small tower with a staircase lying on its side. When Navidson sleeps, the whole house turns: down becomes a climb up a shaft. The text turns sideways and upside down with him.

437

brink noun

The very edge of a steep drop.

In the book
Flush with the brink stands a structure reminiscent of a bartizan.
437

reminiscent adjective

Reminding one of something else.

In the book
Flush with the brink stands a structure reminiscent of a bartizan.
437

Bartizan

real architecture

A bartizan is a small turret that juts out from the top of a castle wall or tower. By the abyss Navidson finds a bartizan-like structure, about seven feet high, with one door and a staircase lying on its side, driven through the wall toward the void.

In the book
Flush with the brink stands a structure reminiscent of a bartizan.
437

bartizan noun (architecture)

A small turret that sticks out from the top corner of a wall or tower.

In the book
Flush with the brink stands a structure reminiscent of a bartizan.
437

abyss noun

A very deep or bottomless space.

In the book
Inside Navidson discovers a winding staircase, which instead of leading up somewhere, or down somewhere, liesonits side, penetrating through the wall facing the abyss.
437

confines noun

The limits or narrow space inside something.

In the book
Instead, he decides to spend the night, or whatever time of day it is—for some reason the time stamp on the Hi 8 is no longer functioning—within the confines of _ that unanticipated shelter."
437

unanticipated adjective

Not expected.

In the book
Instead, he decides to spend the night, or whatever time of day it is—for some reason the time stamp on the Hi 8 is no longer functioning—within the confines of _ that unanticipated shelter."
438–440

The house turns on its side; the vertical climb

inventedlabyrinth

When Navidson wakes, the door and the stairs that were horizontal now rise straight up: the whole house has rotated. He must haul the bike and his gear up what is now a vertical shaft, hand over hand.

Danielewski turns the printing sideways and upside down so the reader must turn the book to follow, and feel the shift with Navidson.

441

rung noun

A step or bar of a ladder.

In the book
standing inside a very” seconds and he is rung.
441

tenacity noun

The quality of holding on and not giving up.

In the book
A few more he reaches the last Thirty minutes later, tenacity is rewarded.
441

subtextualized verb

Made into a hidden or underlying meaning.

441

redemption noun

Being saved or set free, often in a religious sense.

441 fn 425

Erich Kästner on “vertical meanings”; Escher's House of Stairs

real names, invented quotelabyrinth

Erich Kästner (1899–1974) was a real German writer. The book credits him with a quote that climbing a mountain feels like redemption because of the force of the words “above” and “up”; even people who no longer believe in Heaven and Hell cannot swap “above” and “below”.

The footnote adds that M. C. Escher's lithograph House of Stairs subverts this, taking away the gravity of the world while adding a strange gravity of its own. The quote and its source look invented; the names are real.

443–459

The shrinking corridor; crawling on his belly

inventedlabyrinth

At the top he opens a door into a corridor that grows steadily smaller. He removes his pack, crouches, then crawls on his belly, dragging his hurt leg, until he reaches a very large room where everything about the house suddenly changes.

The lines of text shrink and break to match the closing walls.

452

excruciating adjective

Causing extreme pain.

454

jump cut noun (film)

An abrupt cut that skips a piece of time, so the action seems to jump.

In the book
The jump cut suggests “he may h 454
457

diminished verb

Became less or smaller.

In the book
till not diminished.

III. The Last Light (pp. 461–490)

A window of blue-black opens in the void. Navidson is trapped with one book and a matchbook. He burns the book to read it, then dies in the dark while the film runs black. Critics and comedians react to the six black minutes.

462–466

The blue-black window in the void

inventedlabyrinthfalse image

Ahead in the dark Navidson sees a great square, printed on the page as a black window. He fears it will vanish if he moves; when he does move, nothing changes. It gives no way out.

It is the pure image of absence the epigraph promised.

466 fn 428

Hans Staker; the matchbook; “Fuit Ilium”; Eagley Learnéd

inventedunreliable source

An invented researcher, Hans Staker of Geneva, magnifies a matchbook in one photo and traces it to an invented Oxford pub run by a former classics professor and matchbook collector, Eagley “Ege” Learnéd.

The cover reads the Latin Fuit Ilium (“Troy is no more”) and “Thanks To These Puppies”. Swan Vestas, named as a comparison, is a real British match brand.

In the book
Hans Staker from Geneva, Switzerland has researched the Navidson-match question.
466

Fuit Ilium Latin

“Troy has been” (Ilium was): the glory is now gone (from Virgil's Aeneid).

In the book
Navidson’s thumb obscures most of the design but the Latin words Fuit Ilium can still be made out along with the English words Thanks To These Puppies.
466

phillumenist noun

A person who collects matchbooks and matchboxes.

In the book
Based on this scant evidence, Staker successfully determined that the matches came from of all places a pub outside of Oxford, England, run by a former classics professor and amateur phillumenist by the name of Eagley “Ege” Learnéd who, as it turned out, had designed the matchbook himself.
466

septuagenarian noun

A person in their seventies (aged 70 to 79).

In the book
“Most British septuagenarians have their gardens to putter about in.
466

incontinent adjective

Unable to control the bladder or bowels; here, an image of frail old people.

In the book
“I tinker constantly with my ale selection the way the incontinent fret about their tulips.
466

incendiary adjective

Able to start a fire; also, likely to stir up trouble.

In the book
A touch more incendiary than the old Swan Vestas, I think.
466

gorak noun

A large black raven of the high Himalayas, seen near Mount Everest.

In the book
Designed to keep the goraks away.”
467

onanism noun

Masturbation; here used for self-pleasing but useless effort.

In the book
Unfortunately Staker’s calculations are really more a form of academic onanism, a jerk of numeric wishful thinking, having very little to do with the real world.
467

bungled verb

Did badly or clumsily; botched.

In the book
Perhaps his reading slows or the paper burns unevenly or he has bungled the lighting of the next page.
467

immolation noun

Destruction by fire, as a sacrifice.

In the book
… one end: a final act of reading, a final act of consumption, And as the fire rapidly devours the paper, Navidson’s eyes frantically sweep down over the text, keeping just ahead of the necessary immolation, until as he reaches the last few words, flames lick around his hands, ash peels off into the surrounding emptiness, and then as the fire retreats, dimming, its light suddenly spent, the book is …
467

dismantled verb

Taken apart piece by piece.

In the book
… flames lick around his hands, ash peels off into the surrounding emptiness, and then as the fire retreats, dimming, its light suddenly spent, the book is gone leaving nothing behind but invisible traces already dismantled in the dark.
467

Burning the book for light

inventedash

Staker calculates that 24 matches give under six minutes of light, but the book is 736 pages long. Navidson tears out pages, rolls them into torches, and reads each page by the flame that destroys it.

At the end he has one page and one match. He reads the last words as the fire eats the paper, then the light is gone and only ash remains.

In the book
There is a still photograph of the window, a few hundred feet of flares dropping, hovering, shooting up into the void, and several pictures of Navidson reading/ burning the book.
468

synthesis noun

A joining of parts into one whole.

In the book
After all, the film does not provide an even remotely coherent synthesis of Navidson’s fall.
468 fn 429

The six black minutes: Rolling Stone, Medved, Turan, Maslin, Leno, Letterman

real people, invented reactions

Zampanò reports the reception of the film's climax, which is nearly six minutes of black screen. Real critics and hosts are given invented lines: James Parshall in the real Rolling Stone; Michael Medved is appalled; Kenneth Turan calls it “a stunt”; Janet Maslin praises it; Jay Leno and David Letterman joke about a lens cap.

Tim Allen on Home Improvement does a dark parody. The mix of real names and invented quotes makes the fake film feel famous.

In the book
In Rolling Stone (November 14, 1996, p.
468

implacable adjective

Impossible to calm, soften or change.

In the book
Even to this day, I can’t help smiling when I think about the audience squirming in their seats, squinting at that implacable screen, now and then glancing over at those luminous red exit signs in order to give their eyes a rest, while somewhere behind them a projector continues to spew out darkness.
468

luminous adjective

Giving off light; glowing.

In the book
Even to this day, I can’t help smiling when I think about the audience squirming in their seats, squinting at that implacable screen, now and then glancing over at those luminous red exit signs in order to give their eyes a rest, while somewhere behind them a projector continues to spew out darkness.
468

fiasco noun

A complete and embarrassing failure.

In the book
38) described it as “a wonderful fiasco—n’est-ce pas?”
468

n'est-ce pas French

“Isn't it?”: added to a statement to invite agreement.

In the book
38) described it as “a wonderful fiasco—n’est-ce pas?”
468

cojones Spanish

Slang for testicles; here, nerve or daring.

In the book
Janet Maslin, however, had a completely different reaction: “At last a picture with cojones!”
468

aficionado noun

A keen and knowledgeable fan of something.

In the book
Meanwhile, a number of serious film aficionados began commenting on the quality of the audio.
468 fn 429

Tom Holman, THX; Vittorio Storaro

real people, invented quotes

Tom Holman is the real sound engineer who created the THX standard; here he cleans up Navidson's audio. The Italian cinematographer Vittorio Storaro is given the invented line “With sound that bright who needs light?”

In the black minutes, only Navidson's voice remains, close and without echo.

In the book
It is no great secret now that Tom Holman, California THX sound wizard, helped clean up the tapes and monitor all the transfers.
468

purportedly adverb

As is claimed, though it may not be true.

In the book
Numerous articles appeared in Audio, Film, and F/X. Purportedly Vittorio Storaro even said: “With sound that bright who needs light?”
468

tapering verb

Growing gradually thinner or fainter.

In the book
Even if some of Navidson’s words are impossible to understand, there is still a haunting proximity when he speaks, as if he were no longer buried in black, his words tapering without echo, his dying almost too close to bear.
469

predominates verb

Is the strongest or main thing present.

In the book
Now, except for when Navidson speaks, silence predominates.
474

Delial, the children, Holloway; Floyd Collins again

mixed

As he dies, Navidson rambles about the people he loved: his children, and the name “Delial”. Zampanò notes that, unlike Floyd Collins (the trapped caver of Chapter XIII), Navidson does not speak of angels and chicken sandwiches; Holloway's madness pours into his own words.

475

delirium noun

A confused, wandering state of mind caused by illness or exhaustion.

477

“Daisy, Daisy, give me your answer do” (Daisy Bell)

realecho

Dying, Navidson sings a line of “Daisy Bell (Bicycle Built for Two)”, an 1892 song. The choice fits: he came in on a bicycle.

It also echoes the film 2001: A Space Odyssey, where the computer HAL 9000 sings the same song as it is switched off and its mind fails.

In the book
Daisy.
484

wings (theatre) noun

The sides of a stage, out of the audience's sight.

In the book
Very soon he will vanish completely in the wings of his own wordless stanza 484
484

stanza noun

A group of lines in a poem; a verse.

In the book
Very soon he will vanish completely in the wings of his own wordless stanza 484
488

“Ignis fatuus”; the blue fleck of light

realwill-o'-the-wisp

Navidson croaks that he sees light. A footnote gives the Latin ignis fatuus (“foolish fire”), the old name for the will-o'-the-wisp, a ghostly light seen over marshes at night.

The last frames show a tiny blue fleck crying light into the void: enough to see, not enough to see by.

In the book
I see light.' Care—” 'Ignis fatuus?
488

ignis fatuus Latin

“Foolish fire”: the will-o'-the-wisp, a ghostly light over marshland.

In the book
I see light.' Care—” 'Ignis fatuus?
489

fleck noun

A tiny spot or speck.

In the book
Sure enough the final frames of Navidson’s film capture in the upper righthand corner a tiny fleck of blue crying light into the void.
490

The film runs out; “Yale” (processing lab)

real

The film ends in black, then a different black, followed by the name of the processing lab: “Yale”. The plain lab credit lands like a joke against the depth of the dark that came before.

In the book
Enough to see but not enough to see by. The film runs out.
The summary of this chapter then shows on the contents page.
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