A reader's companion

House of Leaves

Mark Z. Danielewski, 2000 — Chapter X

Chapter X (pp. 153–245) — no spoilers past page 245
← Chapter IXAll chaptersChapter XI →

I. Into the house again (pp. 153–181)

Navidson, Reston and Tom go in to find Holloway’s team; Zampanò discusses space and perception; Johnny stops the drugs.

153

Dagobert Frey (epigraph)

reallabyrinth

Dagobert Frey (1883–1962) was an Austrian art historian. The quote comes from his Grundlegung zu einer vergleichenden Kunstwissenschaft (“Foundation of a comparative science of art”, 1949).

Frey says every house is a “path” and a “goal”: the building decides how you move through it. The chapter follows Navidson on a path into the house.

In the book
But at the same time, in its relation to the surrounding space, it is a “goal”, and we either advance toward this goal or depart from it. — Dagobert Frey Grundlegung zu einer vergleichenden Kunstwissenschaft Karen may lose herself in resentment and fear, but the Navidson we see seems joyful, even euphoric, as he sets out with Reston and his brother to rescue Holloway …
153

euphoric adj

Extremely happy and excited.

In the book
… we either advance toward this goal or depart from it. — Dagobert Frey Grundlegung zu einer vergleichenden Kunstwissenschaft Karen may lose herself in resentment and fear, but the Navidson we see seems joyful, even euphoric, as he sets out with Reston and his brother to rescue Holloway and his team.
154

16mm film, 35mm stills and Hi 8 video

real

Navidson uses three kinds of camera: 16mm motion-picture film, a 35mm still camera, and Hi8, a consumer video-tape format of the late 1980s and 1990s.

Zampanò often says which camera made which shot. On p. 156 he says the stills are much better than the video, which here gives mainly the sound.

In the book
Using 16mm motion picture (colour and B/W) and 35mm stills, Navidson for the first time begins to capture the size and sense of that place.
154 fn 199

Denise Lowery, Sketches; The Process of Entry

inventedunreliable source

An invented author and book, with a real university press as publisher. Zampanò quotes her long, poetic description of the flares in the Anteroom.

The quote is about how light and the imagination give a shape to a dark place.

In the book
Author Denise Lowery writes the following evocative impression of how Navidson photographs the Anteroom: The hot red flame spits out light, catching on Tom, entwining in the spokes of Reston’s wheelchair, casting Shape Changers and Dragons on …
154

evocative adj

Bringing strong images or feelings to the mind.

In the book
Author Denise Lowery writes the following evocative impression of how Navidson photographs the Anteroom: The hot red flame spits out light, catching on Tom, entwining in the spokes of Reston’s wheelchair, casting Shape Changers and Dragons on a nearby wall.
154

entwine verb

To wind or twist around something.

In the book
Author Denise Lowery writes the following evocative impression of how Navidson photographs the Anteroom: The hot red flame spits out light, catching on Tom, entwining in the spokes of Reston’s wheelchair, casting Shape Changers and Dragons on a nearby wall.
154

gable noun

The triangle of wall under the two sides of a pointed roof. “Gables of gloom” means dark shapes like a high roof.

In the book
Navidson, Tom and Reston continue forward beneath those gables of gloom and walls buttressed with shadow, lighting more flares, penetrating this world with their halogen lamps, until finally what seemed undefinable comes forth out of the shimmering blank, implacable and now nothing less …
154

buttressed adj

Supported by a buttress, a thick wall built against another wall to hold it up.

In the book
Navidson, Tom and Reston continue forward beneath those gables of gloom and walls buttressed with shadow, lighting more flares, penetrating this world with their halogen lamps, until finally what seemed undefinable comes forth out of the shimmering blank, implacable and now nothing less than obvious and _ undeniable—as …
154

flare noun

A tube that burns with a very bright light, used as a signal or a light source.

In the book
Navidson, Tom and Reston continue forward beneath those gables of gloom and walls buttressed with shadow, lighting more flares, penetrating this world with their halogen lamps, until finally what seemed undefinable comes forth out of the shimmering blank, implacable and now nothing less than obvious and _ undeniable—as if there never could have …
154

implacable adj

That cannot be calmed or stopped; fixed and hard.

In the book
… continue forward beneath those gables of gloom and walls buttressed with shadow, lighting more flares, penetrating this world with their halogen lamps, until finally what seemed undefinable comes forth out of the shimmering blank, implacable and now nothing less than obvious and _ undeniable—as if there never could have been a question about the shape, there never could have been a moment when only the imagination succeeded in prodding …
154

prod verb

To push or poke with a finger or a stick.

In the book
… implacable and now nothing less than obvious and _ undeniable—as if there never could have been a question about the shape, there never could have been a moment when only the imagination succeeded in prodding those inky folds, coming up with its own sense, something far more perverse and contorted and heavy with things much stranger and colder than even this brief shadow play performed in the irregular burn …
154

perverse adj

Strange and wrong, against what is normal or expected.

In the book
… could have been a question about the shape, there never could have been a moment when only the imagination succeeded in prodding those inky folds, coming up with its own sense, something far more perverse and contorted and heavy with things much stranger and colder than even this brief shadow play performed in the irregular burn of sulfur—mythic and inhuman, flickering, shifting, and finally dying around the men’s continuous …
154

contorted adj

Twisted out of the normal shape.

In the book
… been a question about the shape, there never could have been a moment when only the imagination succeeded in prodding those inky folds, coming up with its own sense, something far more perverse and contorted and heavy with things much stranger and colder than even this brief shadow play performed in the irregular burn of sulfur—mythic and inhuman, flickering, shifting, and finally dying around the men’s continuous progress.!% 199See …
155

oblivion noun

Total darkness or nothingness; the state of being forgotten.

In the book
In one photograph of the Great Hall, we find Reston in the foreground holding a flare, the light barely licking an ashen wall rising above him into inky oblivion, while in the background Tom stands surrounded by flares which just as ineffectually confront the impenetrable wall of nothingness looming around the Spiral Staircase.
155

ineffectually adv

Without the result wanted; weakly.

In the book
… we find Reston in the foreground holding a flare, the light barely licking an ashen wall rising above him into inky oblivion, while in the background Tom stands surrounded by flares which just as ineffectually confront the impenetrable wall of nothingness looming around the Spiral Staircase.
155 fn 200

Chris Thayil, “Travel’s Legacy”, National Geographic

real magazine, invented articleunreliable source

National Geographic is a real magazine about travel, nature and exploration. The author and the article are almost certainly invented.

Thayil compares the Great Hall to the inside of a ship’s hull built for unknown seas.

In the book
As Chris Thayil remarks: “The Great Hall feels like the inside of some preternatural hull designed to travel vast seas never before observed in this world.”200 20Chris Thayil’s “Travel’s Legacy” in National Geographic, v.
155

preternatural adj

Beyond what is natural or normal; strange.

In the book
As Chris Thayil remarks: “The Great Hall feels like the inside of some preternatural hull designed to travel vast seas never before observed in this world.”200 20Chris Thayil’s “Travel’s Legacy” in National Geographic, v.
155

hull noun

The main body of a ship.

In the book
As Chris Thayil remarks: “The Great Hall feels like the inside of some preternatural hull designed to travel vast seas never before observed in this world.”200 20Chris Thayil’s “Travel’s Legacy” in National Geographic, v.
156

still noun

A single photograph, as opposed to moving film.

In the book
Luckily for us, however, the beginning of this sequence relies almost entirely on these scarce but breathtaking stills instead of the far more abundant but vastly inferior video tapes, which are used here mainly to provide sound.
157

profusely adv

In large amounts.

In the book
As we can see for ourselves, he is pale, out of breath, and in spite of the cold, sweating profusely.
159

banister noun

The rail along the side of a staircase.

In the book
Peering over the banister, they discover Navidson with a lightstick in his hand Standing at the bottom—no more than 1O0ft down.
159

lightstick noun

A plastic tube that glows when you bend it; a chemical light.

In the book
Peering over the banister, they discover Navidson with a lightstick in his hand Standing at the bottom—no more than 1O0ft down.
162

quip verb

To say something short and witty.

In the book
“The woman you never want to meet,” quips Reston, always managing to keep his wheelchair a little ahead of Navidson.
163

nausea noun

The feeling that you are going to vomit.

In the book
Soon, however, Reston begins to suffer from nausea, and even vomits.
163–164

Seasickness, “mal de mer”

real

Reston compares his nausea to a marlin-fishing trip. Mal de mer is French for “sickness of the sea”.

Seasickness comes when the eyes and the balance organ of the inner ear report different movement. Navidson thinks the house itself moves under them.

In the book
Navidson speculates Reston’s sea sickness or his “mal de mer,” as he calls it, may have something to do with the changing nature of the house: “Everything here is constantly shifting.
164

mal de mer French

“Sickness of the sea”: seasickness.

In the book
Navidson speculates Reston’s sea sickness or his “mal de mer,” as he calls it, may have something to do with the changing nature of the house: “Everything here is constantly shifting.
164

accordion noun

A musical instrument that you push together and pull apart; used for something that folds up and opens out.

In the book
The thing collapsed like an accordion.”
164

in deep shit slang

In very serious trouble.

In the book
Then looking over at his friend: “You realize if it expands again, you’re in deep shit.”
165 fn 201

Dr. Haugeland

inventedunreliable source

An invented critic. He says the dark house gives the senses no data, so a person makes up his own. Footnotes 201 and 204 say “Missing. — Ed.”: the Editors could not find his source.

The name matches the real American philosopher John Haugeland, who wrote about mind and meaning, but the book gives no first name and the quoted work does not exist.

In the book
As was already mentioned in Chapter III, some critics believe the house’s mutations reflect the psychology of anyone who enters it. Dr. Haugeland asserts that the extraordinary absence of sensory information forces the individual to manufacture his or her own data.2°!_ Ruby Dahl, in her stupendous study of space, calls the house on Ash Tree Lane “a …
165 fn 202

Ruby Dahl, the house as “a solipsistic heightener”

inventedunreliable source

An invented critic. Solipsism is the idea that only one’s own mind is certain to exist. Dahl says the house grows and shrinks with the mind of whoever is inside.

Zampanò’s footnote objects: Dahl does not explain why the house never opens to the outside.

In the book
Haugeland asserts that the extraordinary absence of sensory information forces the individual to manufacture his or her own data.2°!_ Ruby Dahl, in her stupendous study of space, calls the house on Ash Tree Lane “a solipsistic heightener,” arguing that “the house, the halls, and the rooms all become the self—collapsing, expanding, tilting, closing, but always …
165

solipsistic adj

Relating to solipsism, the belief that only one’s own mind surely exists; very self-centred.

In the book
… asserts that the extraordinary absence of sensory information forces the individual to manufacture his or her own data.2°!_ Ruby Dahl, in her stupendous study of space, calls the house on Ash Tree Lane “a solipsistic heightener,” arguing that “the house, the halls, and the rooms all become the self—collapsing, expanding, tilting, closing, but always in perfect relation to the mental state of the individual.”202 201Missing.
165 fn 202

Ibid. Latin

Short for ibidem, “in the same place”: the same source as the note before.

166

epistemology noun

The part of philosophy that studies knowledge: how we know what we know.

In the book
Haugeland observes: The epistemology of the house remains entirely commensurate with its size.
166

commensurate adj

In correct proportion to something; matching it in size or degree.

In the book
Haugeland observes: The epistemology of the house remains entirely commensurate with its size.
167

epistemological adj

Relating to knowledge and how we get it.

In the book
In fact it has more to do with epistemological dimensions than with bodily dimensions: knowledge is hot water on wool.
167

Haugeland’s later chapter “Ennui”

inventedunreliable source

Haugeland promises a later chapter called “Ennui” (French for boredom). It belongs to his invented study. The idea: repetition makes time and space feel longer, while knowledge makes them feel shorter.

In the book
I will deal specifically with this problem in a later chapter entitled “Ennui.”293) When Holloway’s team traveled down the stairway, they had no idea if they would find a bottom.
167

ennui French

Boredom; a tired feeling that nothing is interesting.

In the book
I will deal specifically with this problem in a later chapter entitled “Ennui.”293) When Holloway’s team traveled down the stairway, they had no idea if they would find a bottom.
167 fn 203

Dr. Helen Hodge, American Psychology: The Ownership Of Self

inventedunreliable source

An invented psychologist and book. Hodge says the endless empty halls bore us, and that boredom is a defence of the mind that hides the horror of the place.

She also cites “Chad; p. 99”, another invented source.

In the book
203See also Dr. Helen Hodge's American Psychology: The Ownership Of Self (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1996), p.
167 fn 203

Myst

real

Myst (1993) is a famous computer puzzle game. The player walks alone through an empty island and its strange buildings and finds clues everywhere.

Hodge uses it as a contrast: the halls of the house hold no such discoveries.

In the book
Endless repetitions, like, for example, Navidson’s corridors and rooms, which are consistently devoid of any Myst-like discoveries [see Chad; p.
167 fn 203

Otto Fenichel, “The Psychology of Boredom” (1934)

real

Otto Fenichel (1897–1946) was an Austrian psychoanalyst of the second generation after Freud. His real 1934 essay defines boredom as an unpleasant lack of impulse.

In the book
See also Otto Fenichel's 1934 essay “The Psychology of Boredom” in which he describes boredom as “an unpleasurable experience of a lack of impulse.”
167 fn 203

Søren Kierkegaard on boredom

real

Kierkegaard (1813–1855) was a Danish philosopher, often called the first existentialist. He wrote about boredom in several books; the quoted line calls boredom “a continuity of nothingness”.

In the book
See also Otto Fenichel's 1934 essay “The Psychology of Boredom” in which he describes boredom as “an unpleasurable experience of a lack of impulse.” Kierkegaard goes a little further, remarking that “Boredom, extinction, is precisely a continuity of nothingness.”
167 fn 203

William Wordsworth, Preface to Lyrical Ballads (1802)

real

Wordsworth (1770–1850) was an English Romantic poet. His famous preface complains that cities, news and sensational entertainment make the mind dull, a state he calls “savage torpor”.

The quote is real. Zampanò adds it to the list of writers on boredom.

In the book
While William Wordsworth in his preface for Lyrical Ballads (1802) writes: The subject is indeed important!
167 fn 203

torpor noun

A state of not being active, of the body or of the mind; dullness.

In the book
… to former times, are now acting with a combined force to blunt the discriminating powers of the mind, and unfitting it for all voluntary exertion to reduce it to a state of almost savage torpor.
167 fn 203

intelligence noun

Here, the old sense: news, information.

In the book
… the great national events which are daily taking place, and the increasing accumulation of men in. cities, where the uniformity of their occupations produces a craving for extraordinary incident, which the rapid communication of intelligence hourly gratifies.
167 fn 203

Sean Healy and Patricia Meyer Spacks on boredom

real

Two real books: Sean Desmond Healy, Boredom, Self and Culture (1984), and Boredom: The Literary History of a State of Mind (1995) by the American literary scholar Patricia Meyer Spacks.

In the book
To this tendency of life and manners the literature and theatrical exhibitions of the country have conformed themselves, See Sean Healy's Boredom, Self and Culture (Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1984); Patricia Meyer Spacks’ Boredom: The Literary History of a State of Mind (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995); and finally Celine Arlesey’s Perversity …
167 fn 203

Celine Arlesey, Perversity In Dullness . . . and Vice-Versa

inventedunreliable source

An invented author, book and publisher (“Blederbiss Press”). It sits last in a list of real books, so it looks just as real as they do.

In the book
… See Sean Healy's Boredom, Self and Culture (Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1984); Patricia Meyer Spacks’ Boredom: The Literary History of a State of Mind (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995); and finally Celine Arlesey’s Perversity In Dullness .
169

heterogeneous adj

Made of different kinds of parts; not uniform.

In the book
… perceiving man, and it therefore has an excellent system of directions which changes with the movements of the human body; it is limited and in no sense neutral, in other words it is finite, heterogeneous, subjectively defined and perceived; distances and directions are fixed relative to man.
169

Günter Nitschke, “Anatomie der gelebten Umwelt” (1968)

realorientation

Günter Nitschke is a German architectural theorist, known for his writing on Japanese space and gardens. The German title means “Anatomy of the lived environment”; Bauen + Wohnen (“Building + Living”) was a Swiss architecture magazine.

Nitschke’s “experienced space” has the perceiving person as its centre. Norberg-Schulz quotes the same passage in his book.

In the book
… the human body; it is limited and in no sense neutral, in other words it is finite, heterogeneous, subjectively defined and perceived; distances and directions are fixed relative to man. . .205 205Giinter Nitschke’s “Anatomie der gelebten Umwelt” (Bauen + Wohnen , September 1968),2 Wowhich you are quite right to observe makes no sense at all.

fn 206, p. 169: Johnny says footnote 205 “makes no sense at all”. Zampanò gives only a German title and a date.

169 fn 205

gelebte Umwelt German

“Lived environment”: the world as a person experiences it.

In the book
… body; it is limited and in no sense neutral, in other words it is finite, heterogeneous, subjectively defined and perceived; distances and directions are fixed relative to man. . .205 205Giinter Nitschke’s “Anatomie der gelebten Umwelt” (Bauen + Wohnen , September 1968),2 Wowhich you are quite right to observe makes no sense at all.
170–171

Christian Norberg-Schulz, Existence, Space & Architecture (1971)

realorientation

Norberg-Schulz (1926–2000) was a Norwegian architect and theorist who studied how people experience place. He says architectural space exists even when nobody is there to experience it.

Zampanò agrees for normal buildings, but asks if the house can exist without someone who experiences it.

In the book
Christian Norberg-Schulz objects; condemning subjective architectural experiences for the seemingly absurd conclusion it suggests, mainly that “architecture comes into being only when experienced,””207 207Christian Norberg-Schulz, Existence, Space & Architecture, p.
Pages 172–174: three questions Each of pp. 172–174 holds a single question and nothing else. The white page gives the reader the empty space that the questions ask about.
175 fn 208

Michael Leonard, “Humanizing Space”, Progressive Architecture (1969)

real

Progressive Architecture was a leading American architecture magazine (1945–1995). Leonard’s article on the “sensation of space” is also cited by Norberg-Schulz.

Leonard says a person finally feels a place as one single “feeling”.

In the book
Even Michael Leonard, who had never heard of Navidson’s house, professed a belief in the “psychological dimensions of space.”
176 fn 209

Kevin Lynch, The Image of the City (1960)

realorientation

Kevin Lynch (1918–1984) was an American urban planner at MIT. In this classic book he asked people to draw maps of their cities from memory.

The quote says our mental picture of a place comes from what we sense now and what we remember.

In the book
In his book The Image of the City, Kevin Lynch suggested emotional cognition of all environment was rooted in history, or at least personal history: {Environmental image, a generalized mental picture of the exterior physical world] is the product both of immediate sensation and …
177 fn 210

Jean Piaget and Bärbel Inhelder, The Child’s Conception of Geometry

real

Piaget (1896–1980) was a Swiss psychologist who studied how children learn to think. Inhelder was his long-time co-author.

The quote says a child builds the sense of space step by step; it is not there from birth.

In the book
Or as Jean Piaget insisted: “It is quite obvious that the perception of space involves a gradual construction and certainly does not exist ready-made at the outset of mental development.”?!° Like Leonard’s attention to sensation and Piaget’s emphasis …
179

Rorschach test and the “inner labyrinth”

reallabyrinth

The Rorschach test shows ink blots and asks a person what he sees; the answers are meant to reveal the mind. Zampanò imagines the house as such a test.

The inner ear holds the organ of balance, whose medical name is the labyrinth. Zampanò plays on the word: the ear’s labyrinth or the mind’s labyrinth.

In the book
But even if the shifts turn out to be some kind of absurd interactive Rorschach test resulting from some peculiar and as yet undiscovered law of physics, Reston’s nausea still reflects how the often disturbing disorientation experienced within that place, whether acting directly upon the inner ear or the inner …
179

physiological adj

Of the body and how it works.

In the book
… yet undiscovered law of physics, Reston’s nausea still reflects how the often disturbing disorientation experienced within that place, whether acting directly upon the inner ear or the inner labyrinth of the psyche, can have physiological consequences.?!!
179 fn 211

rasp noun

A rough, harsh sound (of the voice).

In the book
I wonder if the morning rasp in my voice is just from sleep or rather some inarticulate attempt to name my horror.
179 fn 211

inarticulate adj

Not able to be said clearly in words.

In the book
I wonder if the morning rasp in my voice is just from sleep or rather some inarticulate attempt to name my horror.
179 fn 211

ratchet verb

To move up (or down) step by step, like a ratchet wheel that turns only one way.

In the book
But night finally does come and even though my fear ratchets towards the more severe, I fear those pills even more.
179 fn 211

amp (up) slang verb

To make stronger or more intense.

In the book
I just don’t know how to find it, though staring over at those awful tablets only amps my resolve to do something, anything.
179 fn 211

Braille

real

Braille is the writing system of raised dots that blind people read with their fingers. Johnny thinks his line of pills looks like a Braille message about his death.

In the book
Funny as it sounds-especially considering the amounts of drugs I've been proud to consume—those pills, like dots, raised & particular, look more and more like some kind of secret Braille spelling out the end of my life.
179 fn 211

deductible noun

In health insurance, the sum you must pay yourself before the insurance starts to pay.

In the book
Perhaps if I had insurance; if one hundred and seventy-five dollars meant I was twenty-five over my deductible, I’d think differently.
179–180 fn 211

Johnny at the doctor’s (Dr. Ogelmeyer)

Johnny's story

Johnny sees a doctor about his panic attacks, gets a sedative, and cannot pay for more care. Dr. Ogelmeyer is a character in Johnny’s story.

Johnny sells his CD player and his CDs for money and quiet. Aaron’s Records on Highland Avenue was a real used-record shop in Hollywood.

180 fn 211

“5051. Protective custody.”

real

In California, “5150” is the legal code for holding a person in a psychiatric hospital against his will for 72 hours. Johnny writes the digits as “5051”.

He fears being locked up, and he fears just as much the poverty of having no care at all.

In the book
Incarcerated forever within the corridors of some awful facility. 5051. Protective custody.
180 fn 211

indigence noun

Deep poverty.

In the book
Left to wander alone the equally ferocious and infernal corridors of indigence.
180 fn 211

MDMA (Ecstasy) and pill names

real

MDMA, street names Ecstasy, E and X, is a party drug. “White Angels”, “Mitsubishis” and the other names are brands pressed onto street pills.

Johnny mentions a month-long drug party before Thanksgiving, and says it is “a different story altogether”.

In the book
The consumption of MDMA, aka Ecstasy, aka E, aka X, has been known to bring on epilepsy especially when taken in large quantities.
180 fn 211

gnaw verb

To bite again and again; here, to trouble someone all the time.

In the book
Perhaps I‘1ll be lucky and discover this awful dread that gnaws on me day and night is nothing more than the shock wave caused by too many crude chemicals rioting in my skull for too long.
180 fn 211

protrusion noun

A part that sticks out. Johnny means a tail humans do not have.

In the book
… the perimeter, past the tall grass, the brush, that stand of trees, cloaked in shadow and rot, but with enough presence to resurrect within me a whole set of ancient reflexes, ordering a non-existent protrusion at the base of my spine to twitch, my pupils already dilating, adrenaline flowing, even as instinct commands me to run.
181 fn 211

July 4th

real

Independence Day, the national holiday of the United States, with fireworks. Johnny first hears the fireworks as gunfire. He then sees that he forgot his own birthday.

In the book
It’s July 4th.
181 fn 211

flying fuck slang

“Not give a flying fuck” means not care at all. Johnny also plays on the literal words.

In the book
How about that, I can remember the beginnings of a nation that doesn't give a flying fuck about me, would possibly even strangle me if given half the chance, but I can't remember my own beginnings—and I’m probably the only one alive willing to at least attempt on my behalf that …
181 fn 211

Maginot Line

real

A line of French forts built in the 1930s against Germany. In 1940 the German army went around it, so the name now means a defence that gives false safety.

Johnny calls irony a Maginot Line for people who are already lost.

In the book
Which might be worth some sort of smile, if I hadn’t already come to realize that irony is a Maginot Line drawn by the already condemned—which oddly enough still does make me smile.
181 fn 211

Maginot Line noun

A defence that gives false safety (see References).

In the book
Which might be worth some sort of smile, if I hadn’t already come to realize that irony is a Maginot Line drawn by the already condemned—which oddly enough still does make me smile.

II. The doors (pp. 182–245)

Navidson and Reston find Jed and Wax behind a locked door; the text breaks into single words across the pages.

183

blotched adj

Covered with irregular dark marks.

In the book
Navidson takes the first shift, spending his time removing the dark blotched gauze around his toes—clearly a painful process—before reapplying ointment and a fresh dressing.
183

gauze noun

Thin, loose cloth used to cover wounds.

In the book
Navidson takes the first shift, spending his time removing the dark blotched gauze around his toes—clearly a painful process—before reapplying ointment and a fresh dressing.
183

ointment noun

A soft oily cream put on the skin to heal it.

In the book
Navidson takes the first shift, spending his time removing the dark blotched gauze around his toes—clearly a painful process—before reapplying ointment and a fresh dressing.
183

dressing noun

A bandage or cover put on a wound.

In the book
Navidson takes the first shift, spending his time removing the dark blotched gauze around his toes—clearly a painful process—before reapplying ointment and a fresh dressing.
183

Arriflex camera

real

Arri (Arnold & Richter) of Munich makes professional film cameras called Arriflex. Reston fixes the 16mm Arriflex to his wheelchair, so many shots come from his chair.

In the book
Reston spends his time tinkering with his chair and the mount on the Arriflex.
188

gauntlet noun

A long line of dangers or tests that a person must pass through.

In the book
Slowly they make their way through a gauntlet of what must be close to fifty doors (it is impossible to calculate the exact number due to the jump cuts), until Navidson discovers for the first and only time a door without a …
188

jump cut noun

A cut in a film that jumps forward in time within the same shot, so part of the action is missing.

In the book
Slowly they make their way through a gauntlet of what must be close to fifty doors (it is impossible to calculate the exact number due to the jump cuts), until Navidson discovers for the first and only time a door without a door knob.
188

incredulity noun

The state of not being able to believe something.

In the book
Reston’s expression communicates nothing but incredulity.?!2 212See Gaston Bachelard’s La Poétique de L’Espace (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1978), p.
188–189 fn 212–213

Gaston Bachelard, La Poétique de l’Espace / The Poetics of Space

realthe door

Bachelard (1884–1962) was a French philosopher. The Poetics of Space (1958) studies houses, rooms, drawers and corners as images of the mind. Zampanò quotes it in French; the Editors add Maria Jolas’s real English translation in footnote 213.

The passage is about the door-knob. Bachelard says a knob means “people go in, they live here”, and that a knob opens more often than it closes. Navidson here meets the only door without a knob, and it is locked.

In the book
Reston’s expression communicates nothing but incredulity.?!2 212See Gaston Bachelard’s La Poétique de L’Espace (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1978), p.
188 fn 212

Françoise Minkowska and the children’s drawings

realthe door

Françoise Minkowska (1882–1950) was a Polish-born French psychiatrist. In 1949 she showed drawings by children who hid from the Nazi occupation. A child who hid in a closet kept drawing narrow, closed, “motionless” houses.

The exhibition catalogue was “De Van Gogh et Seurat aux dessins d’enfants” (From Van Gogh and Seurat to children’s drawings). Anne Balif wrote about it. The theme: a frightened mind draws a house that does not open.

In the book
78, where he observes: Francoise Minkowska a exposé une collection particuligrement émouvante de dessins d’enfants polonais ou juifs qui ont subi les sévices de l’occupation allemande pendant la derniére guerre.
188 fn 212

poignée French

Door-knob or handle.

In the book
Dans la maison dessinée par un enfant de huit ans, Frangoise Minkowska note qu’a la porte, il y a “une poignée; on y entre, on y habite.”
188 fn 212

maison-habitation French

A “lived-in house”, as opposed to a maison-construction, a house that is only a building.

In the book
Ce n’est pas simplement une maisonconstruction, “c’est une maison-habitation.”
189 fn 213

kinesthetic adj

Relating to the sense of movement of the body.

In the book
This is the kinesthetic sign, so frequently forgotten in the drawings of ‘tense’ children.
191

ashen adj

Very pale, grey like ash, from fear or illness.

In the book
Reston keeps the chair mounted Arriflex trained on Navidson and while the focus is slightly soft, as the door breaks loose, the frame gracefully accepts Jed’s ashen features as he faces what he has come to believe is his final moment.
192

ratty adj

Informal: in bad condition; poor.

In the book
This whole sequence amounts to a pretty ratty collection of cuts alternating between Jed’s Hi 8 and an equally poor view from the 16mm camera and Navidson and Reston’s Hi 8s.
192

alchemy noun

A process that changes one thing into another as if by magic (from the old attempt to turn metal into gold).

In the book
Nevertheless what matters most here is adequately captured: the alchemy of social contact as Jed’s rasp of terror almost instantly transforms itself into laughter and sobs of relief.
192

Jed: Vineland, Seattle coffee, Lyle Lovett

real

Vineland is a real town in southern New Jersey. “Seattle coffee” means the espresso-bar culture of the 1990s. Lyle Lovett is a real American country singer.

Zampanò gives these small facts so that Jed becomes a real person to the reader.

In the book
In a scattering of seconds, a thirty-three year old man from Vineland, New Jersey, who loves to drink Seattle coffee and listen to Lyle Lovett with his fiancée, learns his sentence has been remitted.
192

remit verb

To cancel a punishment or debt. “His sentence has been remitted”: he will not die after all.

In the book
In a scattering of seconds, a thirty-three year old man from Vineland, New Jersey, who loves to drink Seattle coffee and listen to Lyle Lovett with his fiancée, learns his sentence has been remitted.
193

Zapruder film

real

Abraham Zapruder filmed the killing of President John F. Kennedy in Dallas in 1963 with a home-movie camera. People have studied the film frame by frame for decades.

Zampanò compares the frame-by-frame study of Jed’s shot to it. The frame numbers he gives (192–205) match the page numbers.

In the book
As diligent as any close analysis of the Zapruder film, similar frame by frame examination carried out countless times by too many critics to name here?!* reveals how a fraction of a second later one bullet pierced his upper lip, blasted through the maxillary …
193

maxillary bone noun

The upper jaw bone.

In the book
… film, similar frame by frame examination carried out countless times by too many critics to name here?!* reveals how a fraction of a second later one bullet pierced his upper lip, blasted through the maxillary bone, dislodging even fragmenting the central teeth, (Reel 10; Frame 192) and then in the following frame (Reel 10; Frame 193) obliterated the back side of his head, chunks of occipital lobe and parietal bone …
193

occipital lobe noun

The back part of the brain, which handles sight.

In the book
… blasted through the maxillary bone, dislodging even fragmenting the central teeth, (Reel 10; Frame 192) and then in the following frame (Reel 10; Frame 193) obliterated the back side of his head, chunks of occipital lobe and parietal bone spewn out in an instantly senseless pattern uselessly preserved in celluloid light (Reel 10; Frames 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, & 205).
193

parietal bone noun

One of the two bones at the top and sides of the skull.

In the book
… maxillary bone, dislodging even fragmenting the central teeth, (Reel 10; Frame 192) and then in the following frame (Reel 10; Frame 193) obliterated the back side of his head, chunks of occipital lobe and parietal bone spewn out in an instantly senseless pattern uselessly preserved in celluloid light (Reel 10; Frames 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, & 205).
193

spewn verb

Thrown out in a stream (a nonstandard form of “spewed”).

In the book
… dislodging even fragmenting the central teeth, (Reel 10; Frame 192) and then in the following frame (Reel 10; Frame 193) obliterated the back side of his head, chunks of occipital lobe and parietal bone spewn out in an instantly senseless pattern uselessly preserved in celluloid light (Reel 10; Frames 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, & 205).
193

celluloid noun

The plastic of old film stock; film or cinema in general.

In the book
… and then in the following frame (Reel 10; Frame 193) obliterated the back side of his head, chunks of occipital lobe and parietal bone spewn out in an instantly senseless pattern uselessly preserved in celluloid light (Reel 10; Frames 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, & 205).
193 fn 214

Danton Blake, Violent Verses: Cinema’s Treatment of Death

inventedunreliable source

An invented author and book (Hackett is a real publisher of philosophy). Zampanò says too many critics studied these frames to name them all, and names only this one.

In the book
Here then— *!4Though still see Danton Blake’s Violent Verses: Cinema's Treatment of Death (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1996).
Pages 194–205 and 216–238: the page as film Here the text breaks into a few words per page. One sentence runs across pp. 193–205, and another across pp. 216–238. The reader turns pages fast, like the frames of the film. The space on the page shows the space between frames, and the “dark” where the eye sees “something that was never there”.

fn 215, p. 205: “Typo.” Johnny corrects the capital “T” in “To”, which ends the sentence that began on p. 193.

194–196

aftermath noun

The time and results after a bad event. The book splits the word across pages.

206 fn 216

Ken Burns

real person, invented quoteunreliable source

Ken Burns is a real American maker of documentary films, for example The Civil War (1990). Zampanò quotes him praising the rawness of Navidson’s film.

Johnny’s footnote says Burns never said this and never heard of the film or Zampanò. So Zampanò invented a quote and gave it to a real person.

In the book
Ken Burns has used this particular moment to illustrate why The Navidson Record is so beyond Hollywood: “Not only is it gritty and dirty and raw, but look how the zoom claws after the fleeting fact.
206

gritty adj

Rough and realistic, showing unpleasant things plainly.

In the book
Ken Burns has used this particular moment to illustrate why The Navidson Record is so beyond Hollywood: “Not only is it gritty and dirty and raw, but look how the zoom claws after the fleeting fact.
207

pinkie noun

The smallest finger. “A pinkie worth of lead” means a bullet the size of a small finger.

In the book
Jed crumples, his moment of joy stolen by a pinkie worth of lead, leaving him dead on the floor, a black pool of blood spilling out of him.
208

HK .45 pistol

real

Heckler & Koch is a German arms maker; its USP pistol comes in .45 calibre. Reston says he brought the gun because the place is scary.

212

Nikon camera and Metz strobe

real

Nikon is a Japanese camera maker. Metz was a German maker of powerful flash units (strobes). With the flash, the stills show what the torches cannot.

In the book
Navidson grabs his backpack and pulls out his Nikon and the Metz strobe with its parabolic mirror.
212

strobe noun

A flash unit that gives very short, bright bursts of light.

In the book
Navidson grabs his backpack and pulls out his Nikon and the Metz strobe with its parabolic mirror.
212

parabolic mirror noun

A curved mirror that sends light in one strong, straight beam.

In the book
Navidson grabs his backpack and pulls out his Nikon and the Metz strobe with its parabolic mirror.
231

muntin noun

A strip of wood between the glass panes or panels of a door or window.

In the book
even though a hole the size of a fist punches through the muntin, 231
233

splinter verb

To break wood into thin, sharp pieces.

In the book
though enough than 233 not powerful to do more splinter panel,
238

saturated adj

Completely full of something, so that no more can go in.

In the book
saturated in silence.
241

maroon verb

To leave someone alone on an island with no way out; here, to trap.

In the book
As we can see, a fever—probably due to the onset of an infection—has marooned him in a delirium and although his rescuers are now at hand his eyes remain fixed on a horizon that is both empty and meaningless.
241

delirium noun

A state of confused mind, often from fever.

In the book
As we can see, a fever—probably due to the onset of an infection—has marooned him in a delirium and although his rescuers are now at hand his eyes remain fixed on a horizon that is both empty and meaningless.
242 fn 217

Meperidine (Demerol)

real

Meperidine, also called pethidine and sold as Demerol, is a strong opioid painkiller. The footnote gives the brand name.

In the book
In the next segment, taken at least fifteen minutes later at a new location, we see Navidson elevating Wax’s legs, cleaning the wound, and gently feeding him half a tablet of a painkiller, probably meperidine.?!7 2l7i e.
242

meperidine noun

A strong painkilling drug; Demerol.

In the book
In the next segment, taken at least fifteen minutes later at a new location, we see Navidson elevating Wax’s legs, cleaning the wound, and gently feeding him half a tablet of a painkiller, probably meperidine.?!7 2l7i e.
243

makeshift adj

Made quickly from what is at hand, for temporary use.

In the book
Reston, meanwhile, finishes converting their two-man tent into a makeshift stretcher.
244 fn 218–219

“Some habits die hard” — “Or they don’t die”

saying

“Old habits die hard” is an English saying: habits are difficult to stop. Navidson changes the saying. Footnote 218 says the line makes sense only with Navidson’s history, and footnote 219 points to pp. 332–333, far ahead in the book.

In the book
“We'll leave his pack and mine behind.” “Some habits die hard, huh?”
244

old habits die hard idiom

A saying: habits are difficult to stop.

In the book
“Some habits die hard, huh?”
The summary of this chapter then shows on the contents page.
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